"Chemical Fertilizers" Common Acids, Alkalis, and Salts PPT Courseware 3

Description

"Chemical Fertilizers" Common Acids, Alkalis, and Salts PPT Courseware 3

Knowledge review

Knowledge point 1 Common chemical fertilizers

1. The most important chemical fertilizers are _______, _______, _______, ________.

2. Fertilizers are divided into two categories: _____________ and _____________

3. Chemical fertilizer definition: Fertilizer made by chemical and physical methods containing nutrients required for crop growth.

4. Commonly used nitrogen fertilizers include ammonium bicarbonate_______, ammonium nitrate______, urea_______, etc.; phosphate fertilizers include heavy superphosphate_______, superphosphate___________, etc.; potassium fertilizers include potassium chloride_______, etc. Compound fertilizers include potassium phosphate_______, etc.

5. The main functions of various types of chemical fertilizers: nitrogen fertilizer______, phosphate fertilizer______, potassium fertilizer______, compound fertilizer________.

Knowledge point 2: How to test ammonium nitrogen fertilizer

1. Ammonium nitrogen fertilizers mainly include: ammonium chloride__________, ammonium sulfate___________, ammonium bicarbonate____________, etc.

2. Inspection of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer:

When ammonium nitrogen fertilizer and alkali are mixed and heated, both ______ will release 2NH4Cl + Ca(OH)2 === CaCl2 + 2NH3↑+ 2H2O. Ammonia has a pungent smell and can make wet red litmus paper ____. These can be used Testing of ammonium nitrogen fertilizers.

Knowledge point 3: Prevent environmental pollution from chemical fertilizer application

Reasonable application of chemical fertilizers:

(1) Chemical fertilizers should not be abused and should be used rationally according to soil characteristics and crop growth needs;

(2) You cannot use the same chemical fertilizer for a long time on the same land, otherwise it will destroy the soil structure. Chemical fertilizers and farmyard manure must be used alternately;

(3) When using ammonium nitrogen fertilizer, avoid mixing it with plant ash (K2CO3) and slaked lime Ca(OH)2, otherwise the fertilizer efficiency will be reduced.

Example analysis

►Type 1 Common types and effects of chemical fertilizers

Proposition perspective: Test students’ understanding of common chemical fertilizers.

Example 1 The wheat grown by Xiao Ming’s family has yellow leaves, short plants, and lack of nitrogen and phosphorus. The fertilizer that should be applied immediately is ( )

A． CO (NH2)2 B． NH4HCO3

C. NH4H2PO4 D. KNO3

[Analysis] A. CO (NH2)2 only contains nitrogen in nutrients and belongs to nitrogen fertilizer, so A is wrong;

B. NH4HCO3 only contains nitrogen in nutrients and belongs to nitrogen fertilizer, so B is wrong;

C. NH4H2PO4 contains both nitrogen and phosphorus and is a compound fertilizer, so C is correct;

D. KNO3 contains nitrogen and potassium, but no phosphorus, so D is wrong; so choose C.

[Variant question] The corn leaves in a certain experimental field are light yellow and have lodging. What compound fertilizer do you think should be applied? ( )

A． CO(NH2)2B． KCl

C. Ca(H2PO4)2 D. KNO3

[Analysis] In general, nitrogen deficiency in plants often manifests as slow growth, short plants, thin and small leaves, and green and yellow leaves; nitrogen mainly promotes the development of plant leaves, phosphorus mainly promotes the development of plant fruits, and potassium mainly promotes the development of plant fruits. Development of plant stems. The light yellow color of corn leaves indicates a lack of nitrogen fertilizer, and the lodging phenomenon indicates a lack of potassium fertilizer, so D should be selected.

►Type 2: Identification of Nitrogen Fertilizer

Proposition perspective: Examine students’ mastery of the principles and methods of nitrogen fertilizer identification.

Example 2: The following chemical fertilizers are mixed and ground with slaked lime. Which one can smell the smell of ammonia ( )

A． Potassium chloride b. Potassium sulfate

C. superphosphate d. Ammonium sulfate

[Analysis] Potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, superphosphate and other substances do not contain ammonium ions and cannot react with calcium hydroxide to generate ammonia gas. Ammonium sulfate is an ammonium nitrogen fertilizer and can react with calcium hydroxide to generate ammonia gas. Ammonia Gas is a gas with a pungent odor.

So choose D.

[Variation Question] In order to determine the type of a certain chemical fertilizer, which chemical change occurred during the following inquiry process is ( )

A． Observe its appearance, it is white crystal

B． Smell it, no obvious smell

C. Test its solubility, soluble in water

D． Grind with slaked lime and have a pungent smell.

[Analysis] A. Observe its appearance. It is a white crystal. It describes the color and state. It does not need to show properties through chemical changes, which are physical properties;

B. Smell the smell, there is no obvious smell, the smell described does not need to be expressed through chemical changes, it is a physical property;

C. Measure its solubility. It is soluble in water. The solubility described does not require properties to be expressed through chemical changes and is a physical property;

D. During the process of adding slaked lime and grinding to produce a pungent smell, new substances such as ammonia are generated, which is a chemical change; therefore, choose D.

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For more information about the PPT courseware "Common Acid and Alkaline Salts of Chemical Fertilizers", please click on the Common Acid and Alkali Salts of Chemical Fertilizers ppt tab.

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Update Time: 2024-11-19

This template belongs to Chemistry courseware Cantonese Education Edition Ninth Grade Chemistry Volume 2 industry PPT template

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