"Chemical Fertilizers" Common Acids, Alkalis, and Salts PPT Courseware 2

Description

"Chemical Fertilizers" Common Acids, Alkalis, and Salts PPT Courseware 2

learning target

1. Master the types of common chemical fertilizers and the ingredients and functions of various types of chemical fertilizers;

2. Understand the testing principles and methods of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer;

3. Understand the environmental pollution caused by chemical fertilizer application and use chemical fertilizers rationally.

1. Common chemical fertilizers

The growth of crops requires nutrients such as N, P, and K. Certain substances containing these elements can act as fertilizers. Fertilizers produced through chemical processing are called chemical fertilizers.

Commonly used fertilizers:

Farm fertilizers: such as manure, human excrement, green manure, etc.

Chemical fertilizers: ammonia (NH3·H2O), ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3),

Potassium sulfate (K2SO4), phosphate rock powder[Main components calcium phosphate Ca3(PO4)2], ammonium sulfate[(NH4)2SO4], urea[CO(NH2)2& #093;, potassium nitrate (KNO3), ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH4H2PO4).

Classification of chemical fertilizers

Nitrogen fertilizer (containing N): ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3)

Phosphate fertilizer (containing P): calcium phosphate (Ca3(PO4)2)

Potassium fertilizer (containing K): potassium sulfate (K2SO4)

Compound fertilizer (containing two or more important nutrients): ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH4H2PO4)

Thinking: Which category of acid, alkali, and salt do chemical fertilizers belong to?

2. How to test ammonium nitrogen fertilizer

Nitrogen fertilizer types

Ammonia water: NH3•H2O

Ammonium nitrogen fertilizer:

Ammonium chloride NH4Cl

Ammonium sulfate (NH4)2SO4

Ammonium bicarbonate NH4HCO3

Nitrate nitrogen fertilizer: sodium nitrate NaNO3

Organic nitrogen fertilizer: urea CO(NH2)2

Observation activity one: Testing ammonium nitrogen fertilizer

Method 1: Mix and grind ammonium chloride and slaked lime powder in a mortar.

Steps: ① Mix; ② Grind; ③ Smell

Phenomenon: Gas with pungent odor is released

Similar experiments were conducted with ammonium bicarbonate and the results were the same.

Method 2: Drop caustic soda solution into a test tube containing ammonium chloride, heat it slightly, and use moist red litmus paper close to the mouth of the test tube to test.

Phenomenon: Gas with a pungent odor is released, and the red litmus paper turns blue.

Similar experiments were conducted with ammonium bicarbonate and the results were the same.

3. Prevent environmental pollution caused by chemical fertilizer application

fertilizer

Air pollution (emission of bad gases such as NH3)

Water pollution (increased nitrogen and phosphorus content in water, resulting in eutrophication)

Soil pollution (acidification and hardening of soil)

Reasonable application of chemical fertilizers:

(1) Chemical fertilizers should not be abused and should be used rationally according to soil characteristics and crop growth needs;

(2) You cannot use the same chemical fertilizer for a long time on the same land, otherwise it will destroy the soil structure. Chemical fertilizers and farmyard manure must be used alternately;

(3) When using ammonium nitrogen fertilizer, avoid mixing it with plant ash (K2CO3) and slaked lime Ca(OH)2, otherwise the fertilizer efficiency will be reduced.

Classic examples

Knowledge point 1: Common chemical fertilizers

1. Among the following substances, which one is a compound fertilizer? ( )

A． Potassium sulfate K2SO4

B. Potassium nitrate KNO3

C． Urea CO(NH2)2

D． Calcium dihydrogen phosphate Ca(H2PO4)2

Knowledge point 2: How to test ammonium nitrogen fertilizer

1. Mix the following chemical fertilizers with slaked lime powder. After grinding, the one that can smell a pungent smell is ( )

A. Potassium chloride B. Potassium carbonate

C. Ammonium sulfate D. Calcium phosphate

Knowledge point 3: Prevent environmental pollution from chemical fertilizer application

1. A certain class of students debated on the topic of "pros and cons" of using chemical fertilizers. The affirmative view is that it is beneficial to use chemical fertilizers. Which of the following views of the affirmative side is unscientific ( )

A． Chemical fertilizers are very effective

B. Applying chemical fertilizers can increase crop yields

C． The application of chemical fertilizers will not cause environmental pollution

D． Compound fertilizer can provide several nutrients to crops

Knowledge training

1. Urea[CO(NH2)2] is a high-efficiency chemical fertilizer, which belongs to ( )

A． Nitrogen fertilizer b. Phosphate fertilizer C. Potassium fertilizer D. Compound fertilizer

2. Compared with farm fertilizers, the advantages of chemical fertilizers are ( )

A． Full range of nutritional elements B. Fast fertilizer effect

C． Does not destroy the structure of the soil D. Long-term fertilizer effect

3. When storing and using ammonium nitrogen fertilizer, do not mix it with hydrated lime, plant ash and other alkaline substances. The reason is ( )

A． After mixing, insoluble substances are generated, which reduces fertilizer efficiency.

B. Increase soil alkalinity after mixing

C． Ammonia gas will be released after mixing, reducing fertilizer efficiency.

D． Mixing will cause loss of potassium and reduce fertilizer efficiency.

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For more information about the PPT courseware "Common Acid and Alkaline Salts of Chemical Fertilizers", please click on the Common Acid and Alkali Salts of Chemical Fertilizers PPT PPT tab.

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Update Time: 2024-11-19

This template belongs to Chemistry courseware Cantonese Education Edition Ninth Grade Chemistry Volume 2 industry PPT template

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