"Chemical Fertilizers" Common Acids, Alkalis, and Salts PPT Courseware

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"Chemical Fertilizers" Common Acids, Alkalis, and Salts PPT Courseware

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1 Commonly used chemical fertilizers and their functions

Nitrogen fertilizer

Ammonium bicarbonate (ammonium bicarbonate) NH4HCO3

White crystal, easily soluble in water, susceptible to moisture, easy to decompose, nitrogen content less than 17%

Ammonium nitrate (ammonium nitrate) NH4NO3__

White crystal, easily soluble in water, easy to explode when exposed to high temperature or violent impact, nitrogen content less than 35%

Urea CO(NH2)2

White or light yellow crystal, easily soluble in water, nitrogen content not exceeding 46%

Inspection of diammonium nitrogen fertilizer

Ammonium nitrogen fertilizer refers to nitrogen fertilizer containing _____________.

Method 1: Take a sample, add ________ to it, mix and grind, if you smell _________ gas, it means the fertilizer contains ammonium nitrogen fertilizer.

Method 2: Take a sample, add ________ solution to it, heat it slightly, test with ___________, ___________, prove that the sample contains ammonium nitrogen fertilizer.

[Note] Nitrogen fertilizers containing ammonium ions (NH) cannot be mixed with alkaline substances such as hydrated lime and plant ash (the main component is K2CO3) to avoid reducing fertilizer efficiency.

3. Prevent environmental pollution caused by chemical fertilizer application

1. Pros and cons of using chemical fertilizers

Pros: The most powerful measure to increase agricultural production.

Disadvantages: Unreasonable application of chemical fertilizers can cause environmental problems.

(1) Atmospheric pollution: There are harmful gas emissions such as NH3.

(2) Pollution of water bodies: Increase the nitrogen and phosphorus content of water bodies and lead to eutrophication.

(3) Destroy the soil: make the soil acidified and hardened.

2. Recommendation: Use chemical fertilizers rationally to reduce pollution, ensure food safety, and maintain the ecological balance of the earth.

[Note] Ammonium sulfate and potassium sulfate should not be applied in large amounts for a long time to avoid increasing the acidity of the soil.

Interactive exploration

Explore point 1: Types and functions of chemical fertilizers

[Question Research]What are the types and functions of common chemical fertilizers?

[Integrated improvement]The types and functions of chemical fertilizers can be abbreviated as: nitrogen fertilizer to strengthen leaves, phosphorus fertilizer to strengthen fruits, potassium fertilizer to strengthen stems, and compound fertilizer with multiple fertilizer effects.

[Application Example]

Example 1 2013·Xiangtan plants will cause their leaves to turn yellow due to nitrogen deficiency. At this time, which of the following fertilizers should be applied ()

A． NH4NO3 B. K2SO4 C. KCl D. Ca(H2PO4)2

[Analysis] A. Fertilizer containing nitrogen is called nitrogen fertilizer. Nitrogen fertilizer can make crops have lush branches and leaves, dark green leaves, and increase yields.

[ Method instructions

Research point 2: Identification and use of common chemical fertilizers

[Scenario display] Testing ammonium nitrogen fertilizer:

[Question Research]What is the identification and principle of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer? What should you pay attention to when using it?

[Inductive improvement]Ammonium nitrogen fertilizer contains ammonium ions. When mixed with alkaline substances and ground or reacted in a solution, ammonia gas with a pungent smell will be produced, which can turn wet red litmus paper blue. . Therefore, ammonium nitrogen fertilizer cannot be mixed with alkaline substances such as plant ash (the main component is potassium carbonate) to avoid reducing fertilizer efficiency.

[Application Example]

Example 2 2013·Shenyang Figure 8-5-1 is the process of a student identifying three types of chemical fertilizers: ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium sulfate, and ammonium nitrate (the reaction conditions are not marked). Please answer the following questions.

(1) Ammonium bicarbonate can be identified by observing the _________ phenomenon in step ①.

(2) The reagents required in step ② can be selected from two different categories (classified by acids, bases, salts, and oxides), and their chemical formulas are _______ and _______ respectively.

Please write the chemical equation for the reaction of ammonium sulfate with these two reagents: ____________, __________.

[ Analysis (2) Barium chloride and barium hydroxide belong to two different categories of substances. They react with ammonium sulfate to generate barium sulfate and ammonium chloride, barium sulfate, water and ammonia respectively.

On-site testing

Knowledge point 1 Types and functions of chemical fertilizers

1. In the absence of nitrogen, plants will grow retarded and their leaves will turn yellow. The chemical fertilizer that needs to be applied at this time is ()

A． KCl B. NH4HCO3

C. K2CO3 D． Ca(H2PO4)2

2. Which of the following statements about fertilizers is correct ()

A． In order to enhance fertilizer efficiency, ammonium nitrogen fertilizer and hydrated lime are mixed and applied

B． KNO3 is a compound fertilizer

C. To increase crop yields, the more fertilizers used, the better

D． In order to return nutrients to the fields, it is recommended to burn straw on site

[ Analysis , but the more chemical fertilizers are applied, the better; straw burning is a waste of resources on the one hand, and also causes environmental pollution on the other.

Knowledge point 2: Simple identification of common chemical fertilizers

4． Among the following chemical fertilizers, the one that can be distinguished from other chemical fertilizers by appearance is ()

A． Potassium nitrate b. ammonium bicarbonate

C. Potassium chloride d. Phosphate rock powder

[Analysis] D Nitrogen fertilizers and potassium fertilizers are generally white, while phosphate fertilizers are generally gray-white.

5. A student wants to identify three fertilizers: NH4HCO3, NH4Cl, and KCl at one time. He should add enough ()

A． NaOH B. Ca(OH)2

C. AgNO3 D. HCl

[ Analysis The phenomena produced by the three are: gas and white precipitate are produced, gas is produced, and there is no obvious phenomenon.

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Update Time: 2024-11-23

This template belongs to Chemistry courseware Cantonese Education Edition Ninth Grade Chemistry Volume 2 industry PPT template

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