"Reaction of Acid and Base" Common Acids, Bases and Salts PPT Courseware 3

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"Reaction of Acid and Base" Common Acids, Bases and Salts PPT Courseware 3

Knowledge review

Knowledge point 1 Neutralization reaction

Experimental Activity 1: Neutralization Reaction of Acids and Bases

Experimental phenomena of the reaction between sodium hydroxide and dilute hydrochloric acid:

When phenolphthalein is added dropwise to a sodium hydroxide solution, the solution appears ______. As dilute hydrochloric acid is added dropwise, the color gradually disappears to ______.

The solution at this time appears _______.

The chemical equation for the reaction is: ______________.

Neutralization reaction: _____ and _____ produce _____ and _____.

The essence of the reaction is that the ____ dissociated from the acid reacts with the ____ dissociated from the base to form water: ______________.

【Notice】

① Many neutralization reactions do not have obvious experimental phenomena (such as the reaction between NaOH solution and dilute hydrochloric acid), and indicators are often needed to judge the occurrence of the reaction.

② When the neutralization reaction occurs, heat will be released.

③Neutralization reaction is a metathesis reaction among the basic reaction types.

Knowledge Point 2: Application of Neutralization Reaction

1. Improve acidic or alkaline soil

(1) Sprinkle lime into the fish pond to neutralize excess organic acids in the bottom mud of the fish pond, so that the fish pond water reaches a pH suitable for the growth of fry.

(2) Use hydrated lime to neutralize excessive acidity in soil and certain water sources to reduce the harm of acid rain.

2.Wastewater treatment

Acidic wastewater must be neutralized with alkaline substances (such as caustic soda, hydrated lime) before it can be discharged, otherwise it will cause water pollution.

3. Medical applications

(1) For the formic acid "injected" when neutralizing mosquito bites, soapy water, baking soda, dilute ammonia or cooling oil can be used;

(2) When there is too much gastric acid, you can take the alkaline "Weishuping" (main ingredient is Al(OH)3) or baking soda tablets (the main ingredient is NaHCO3) orally.

Example analysis

►Type 1 Experimental study on neutralization reaction

Propositional perspective: Exploring knowledge in judgment and reaction processes through experiments.

Example 1 A chemistry interest group conducted the following experiments around the study of "neutralization reactions of acids and bases":

Experiment 1: Take 5mL of sodium hydroxide solution in a beaker, add a few drops of phenolphthalein solution, the observed phenomenon is ________, then add dilute hydrochloric acid, stir with a glass rod, the solution fades to colorless, the relevant reaction equation is_ ___________.

Experiment 2: Explore the solutes in the solution after the reaction in Experiment 1.

【Making a guess】

Conjecture 1: Only NaCl

Conjecture 2: There are NaCl and NaOH

Conjecture 3: There are NaCl and HCl

You think the conjecture _______ is unreasonable, and the reason is _______________________________.

[Analysis] Experiment 1: Sodium hydroxide solution is alkaline, can make phenolphthalein test solution turn red, and can react with hydrochloric acid to produce sodium chloride and water;

Experiment 2: Since sodium hydroxide is alkaline, it can make the phenolphthalein test solution turn red. At this time, the solution is colorless, so there must be no sodium hydroxide left. Design experiment: Conjecture 3 contains hydrochloric acid. It is necessary to prove that hydrochloric acid If there exists, you can add litmus test solution, hydrochloric acid can make litmus test solution red;

Expanded application: Acid and alkali can undergo neutralization reactions, and alkaline substances need to be added to acidic soil to improve it.

►Type 2: Definition of neutralization reaction

Propositional perspective: Examine students’ understanding of neutralization reactions

Example 2: Which of the following reactions is a neutralization reaction ( )

A． 2NaOH + SO2 == Na2SO3 + H2O

B． Cu(OH)2 + 2HCl == CuCl2 + 2H2O

C. Ca(OH)2 + CO2 == CaCO3↓ + H2O

D． CuO + 2HCl == CuCl2 + H2O

[Analysis] When judging a neutralization reaction, first look at whether the reactants are acids and bases, and secondly whether the products are salts and water.

[Variation question] Which of the following substances can neutralize with hydrochloric acid ( )

A． Silver nitrate b. Copper oxide C． Hydrated lime D. zinc

[Analysis] A. Silver nitrate is a salt, and the reaction with hydrochloric acid is not a neutralization reaction, which is wrong;

B. Copper oxide is a metal oxide, and the reaction with hydrochloric acid is not a neutralization reaction, which is wrong;

C. Hydrated lime is the common name for calcium hydroxide. It is an alkali and can neutralize with hydrochloric acid. Correct;

D. Zinc is a metal element, and the reaction with hydrochloric acid is not a neutralization reaction, which is wrong. So choose C.

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For more information about the PPT courseware "Common Acids and Bases Reactions of Hydrochloric Acid and Alkali", please click on the Common Acids and Bases ppt Reactions of Acids and Bases ppt tag.

"Reaction of Acid and Base" Common Acids, Bases and Salts PPT Courseware 2:

"Reaction of Acid and Base" Common Acids, Bases and Salts PPT Courseware 2 Learning Objectives 1. Master the definition of neutralization reaction and understand the nature of neutralization reaction between acids and bases; 2. Master the concept of metathesis reaction and be able to judge a Whether the reaction is a metathesis reaction; 3. Understand neutralization..

"Reaction of Acid and Base" Common PPT courseware of acids, bases and salts:

"Reaction of Acids and Bases" Common PPT Courseware of Acids, Bases and Salts New Knowledge Preview 1. Reasons why acids and bases have similar chemical properties 1. Acid: After being dissolved in water, the cations produced are all ________, so they will show common chemical properties in the aqueous solution..

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Update Time: 2024-07-02

This template belongs to Chemistry courseware Cantonese Education Edition Ninth Grade Chemistry Volume 2 industry PPT template

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