"Amount of Dissolved Substance" Solution PPT Courseware

Description

"Amount of Dissolved Substance" Solution PPT Courseware

learning target

1. Understand the meaning of saturated solution; understand the method of mutual conversion between saturated solution and unsaturated solution;

2. Understand the meaning of solid solubility, and initially learn to draw and consult solubility curves;

3. Know the expression method and influencing factors of gas solubility.

1. Saturated solution and unsaturated solution

Can a soluble substance dissolve infinitely in a certain amount of water?

Soluble substances cannot dissolve indefinitely in a certain amount of water;

Classification of solutions: saturated solution and unsaturated solution

Saturated solution: A solution that cannot continue to dissolve a certain solute in a certain temperature and a certain amount of solvent;

Unsaturated solution: A solution that can continue to dissolve a certain solute in a certain amount of solvent at a certain temperature.

1. What are the prerequisites for saturated solution and unsaturated solution?

A certain temperature and a certain amount of solvent.

2. Under the above premise, what is the key point?

Whether the solute can continue to dissolve

3. Why must it be stated that it is a saturated solution of "this solute"?

illustrate:

1. A saturated solution of potassium nitrate can continue to dissolve potassium permanganate;

2. This is a saturated solution of potassium nitrate and an unsaturated solution of potassium permanganate

2. Solubility of solid substances

At a certain temperature, the amount of sucrose dissolved in 100g of water is limited.

, how is this solubility limit measured scientifically?

1. Solid solubility

At a certain temperature, the mass of a solid substance dissolved in 100g of solvent when it reaches saturation.

Condition: certain temperature

Standard: 100g solvent (generally refers to water)

State: Saturated Unit: Gram

Discussion: The solubility of potassium nitrate at 20ºC is 31.6g. What does this sentence mean?

The meaning is: at 20ºC, the mass of potassium nitrate dissolved when it reaches saturation in 100 grams of water is 31.6 grams.

In other words: at 20ºC, potassium nitrate can dissolve up to 31.6 grams in 100 grams of water.

solid solubility curve

1: A point on the curve indicates the solubility of the substance at the temperature indicated by the point; the intersection point on the two curves indicates that the solubility of the two substances at the temperature indicated by the point is the same.

2: The curve represents the solubility of the same substance at different temperatures or the change of solubility with temperature.

3: The solution above the curve is a saturated solution; the solution below the curve is an unsaturated solution.

Discussion: The solubility of solid substances is affected by temperature changes:

①The solubility of most solid substances increases with temperature, such as sodium nitrate, ammonium chloride, etc.

②The solubility of a few solid substances is not greatly affected by temperature, such as table salt.

③The solubility of very few solid substances decreases as the temperature increases, such as slaked lime.

3. Solubility of gaseous substances

Gas solubility:

Generally speaking, gas solubility refers to the gas volume when the gas is dissolved in 1 volume of water at a certain temperature and a pressure of 101.3KPa to reach a saturated state.

Thinking: What does it mean that the solubility of oxygen is 0.049 at 0°C?

At 0°C and the oxygen pressure is 101kPa, 1 volume of water can dissolve up to 0.049 volumes of oxygen.

[Discussion 1] Why do fish always like to breathe on the water surface when the weather is sultry?

[Discussion 2]:

(1) When you open the soda lid, the soda will spray out automatically. What does this say about the solubility of gases in water?

(2) After drinking soda, I often burp. What else does this show about the solubility of gases?

The solubility of gas is related to temperature and pressure. The higher the temperature, the smaller the solubility; the higher the pressure, the greater the solubility.

Classic examples

Knowledge point 1: Saturated solution and unsaturated solution To convert an unsaturated solution of a certain substance at a certain temperature into a saturated solution, the following method must be successful ( )

A． Cool down b. heating up

C. Add solute D. evaporate solvent

Knowledge point 2: The solubility of solid substances cannot affect the solubility of the substance. The factors are ( )

A． Temperature level B. Amount of solute and solvent

C. Type of solvent D. Solute type

Knowledge point 3: The solubility of gaseous substances. When you open the cap of a soda bottle, a large number of bubbles will emerge. The reason for this phenomenon is that the solubility of carbon dioxide varies with ( )

A． Pressure increases and decreases

B． The pressure decreases and decreases

C. rise with rising temperature

D． decreases as temperature decreases

Knowledge training

1. In order to prove whether a certain potassium nitrate solution has reached a saturated state, Xiaohong designed the following plan. The goal must be achieved ( )

A． Keeping the temperature constant, add a small amount of potassium nitrate solution to the solution

B． Keeping the temperature constant, add a small amount of potassium nitrate crystals to the solution

C. Heat the solution until potassium nitrate crystals precipitate

D． Cool the solution until potassium nitrate crystals precipitate

2. Which of the following statements is correct ( )

A． Dissolve 36g NaCl in 100g water to form a saturated solution, then the solubility of NaCl is 36g

B． 10g NaCl can be dissolved in 100g water at 20℃, then the solubility of NaCl at 20℃ is 10g

C. At 20°C, 18g NaCl is completely dissolved in 50g water to form a saturated solution. Then the solubility of NaCl at 20°C is 18g.

D． A saturated solution of 136g NaCl contains 36g NaCl at 20°C. Then the solubility of NaCl at 20°C is 36g.

3. Which of the following phenomena in life cannot explain that the solubility of gases decreases as the temperature increases ( )

A． When boiling water, bubbles escape before boiling

B． When there is sufficient sunlight, there are small bubbles on the wall of the fish tank filled with water.

C. Open the cap of the beer bottle and a lot of bubbles escape

D． Fish in the pond surface at dusk in summer

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Update Time: 2024-11-23

This template belongs to Chemistry courseware Cantonese Education Edition Ninth Grade Chemistry Volume 2 industry PPT template

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