"The Sino-Japanese War of 1898-1898 and the Reform Movement of 1898" Powerful Powers' Invasion and the Savior of the Chinese Nation PPT Courseware 2

Description

"The Sino-Japanese War of 1898-1898 and the Reform Movement of 1898" Powerful Powers' Invasion and the Savior of the Chinese Nation PPT Courseware 2

learning target

1. Know the background of the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1894 and understand its overview; recite the contents of the Treaty of Shimonoseki and understand its impact;

2. Understand the relevant historical facts of the "Letter on the Bus", know the main contents of the Reform Movement of 1898, and correctly evaluate the Reform Movement of 1898;

3. Understand the development profile and representatives of national industries.

Guiding important and difficult points

The content and impact of the Treaty of Shimonoseki;

The content and evaluation of the Reform Movement of 1898

Sino-Japanese War of 1894 (1894)

background:

(1) After the Meiji Restoration in 1868, Japan quickly embarked on the path of foreign aggression and expansion;

(2) In 1894, a civil uprising broke out in North Korea. The Qing government sent troops to North Korea at the request of the King of North Korea to "quell the civil strife." Japan took the opportunity to send troops to North Korea under the pretext of protecting its embassy and overseas residents. After the incident calmed down, Japan continued to increase its troops and deliberately provoked a Sino-Japanese war.

Event: In September 1894, the Qing Dynasty's Beiyang Fleet and the Japanese Combined Fleet had a fierce encounter in the Yellow Sea. The captain of the "Zhiyuan" Deng Shichang and more than 200 officers and soldiers on the fleet all died heroically for their country. After that, Li Hongzhang strictly ordered the Beiyang Fleet to preserve its strength, sit at Weihaiwei, and was not allowed to go to sea to attack the enemy.

Result: In early 1895, in the Battle of Weihaiwei, the Beiyang Fleet was completely wiped out. China and Japan signed the Treaty of Shimonoseki.

Contents of the Treaty of Shimonoseki:

(1) Territory cession: cede the Liaodong Peninsula, the entire island of Taiwan and all affiliated islands, and the Penghu Islands to Japan;

(2) Compensation: 200 million taels of silver for military expenses;

(3) Open Shashi, Chongqing, Suzhou, and Hangzhou as treaty ports; allow Japan to invest and set up factories in treaty ports.

Impact: The Treaty of Shimonoseki is the most serious unequal treaty that has harmed China since the Treaty of Nanjing. It marked the further escalation of the colonial plunder of China by the great powers, and greatly deepened China's semi-colonialization and national crisis.

reform movement

Background: After the defeat of the Sino-Japanese War and the signing of the Treaty of Shimonoseki, China faced the danger of being carved up by Eastern and Western powers. The national crisis was unprecedentedly serious, and a national awakening with collective significance began.

Leadership class: bourgeois reformists

Representative figures: Kang Youwei, Liang Qichao

Learning object: Western advanced system

process

Prologue: In May 1895, Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao contacted more than 1,300 candidates from various provinces who were participating in the joint examination in Beijing, and jointly submitted a letter to Emperor Guangxu, opposing peace negotiations with Japan and requesting reforms. It was known in history as "a petition on the bus".

Starting mark: On June 11, 1898, Emperor Guangxu promulgated the edict "Ming Determining the State" and announced the implementation of reforms.

content

(1) Politically: Allow officials and citizens to write letters to express their opinions, amend laws, and clarify official administration;

(2) Economically: reward industry and reform finance;

(3) Military: organize and train the new army and learn foreign exercises;

(4) Culturally: Establish schools and printing offices, and allow the establishment of newspapers and societies.

fail

Failure: On September 21, 1898, Cixi launched a coup, imprisoned Emperor Guangxu, and killed Tan Sitong, Yang Xu, Liu Guangdi, Yang Rui, Yang Shenxiu, and Kang Guangren, known in history as the "Six Gentlemen of 1898". It lasted 103 days and was known as the "Hundred Days Reform" in history.

Reason for failure

It offended the interests of the conservative faction headed by Cixi.

Enlightenment: It will not work to place the hope of saving the country on a feudal emperor who has no real power.

How to evaluate the Reform Movement of 1898

Reform measures were conducive to the development of Chinese capitalism and the spread of Western scientific knowledge in China. Although the Reform Movement of 1898 failed, it played an ideological enlightenment role in society.

The tortuous development of national industry

Overview: (1) Initial development: 1895-1913;

(2) Period of rapid development: After the outbreak of World War I, the great powers were busy fighting and had no time to look east.

(3) After the end of World War I, national industry suffered a heavy blow;

(4) After the establishment of the National Government in 1927, it implemented comprehensive control over the economy, and the space for private industry development became increasingly narrow.

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For more information about the PPT courseware "The Sino-Japanese War and the Reform Movement of 1898 in the Sino-Japanese War and the Reform Movement of 1898", please click the Sino-Japanese War in Sino-Japanese War and the Reform Movement of 1898 in the PPT courseware "The Invasion of the Great Powers and the Preservation of the Chinese Nation in the Sino-Japanese War of 1898".

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Update Time: 2024-11-20

This template belongs to History courseware East China Normal University Edition Eighth Grade History Volume 1 industry PPT template

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