"Metal Materials" Metal and Metal Materials PPT Courseware 4

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"Metal Materials" Metal and Metal Materials PPT Courseware 4

1. Several important metals

Human use of metal products has roughly gone through three eras

The beginning of the Bronze Age: about 4000 BC, my country began about 2000 BC.

The beginning of the Iron Age: about 1500 BC, our country about 800 BC.

Aluminum use: late 19th century.

Aluminum is the most abundant metallic element in the earth's crust. Aluminum was discovered in the 1820s. Due to its relatively active chemical properties, smelting is difficult and the output is very small. Only the royal family and nobles can possess small amounts of aluminum utensils. It was not until the end of the 19th century that aluminum smelting by molten salt electrolysis was invented, and large-scale production of aluminum began. Subsequently, aluminum entered the homes of ordinary people. Aluminum production has now surpassed copper, ranking second after iron.

Various metals have their own properties

1. Why are kitchen knives, sickles, hammers, etc. made of iron instead of lead?

2. Silver conducts electricity better than copper. Why are wires generally made of copper instead of silver?

3. Why are the filaments in light bulbs made of tungsten instead of tin? What might happen if it is made of tin?

4. Why do some iron products such as faucets need to be chromium plated? What if it were gold plated?

2.Alloy

An alloy is the fusion of certain metals or non-metals into metals to obtain a mixture with metallic properties.

Characteristics of alloy:

(1) The hardness of alloys is greater than the metals that make them up;

Hardness: brass > copper; solder > tin

(2) The melting points of alloys are lower than the metals that make them up;

Melting point: solder＜tin＜lead

(3) The corrosion resistance of alloys is generally stronger than the metals that make them up.

Titanium and titanium alloys

Rich reserves, higher than copper, zinc, tin, lead and other metals

Good mechanical properties, good plasticity, easy to process

High strength: 3.5 times that of stainless steel and 1.3 times that of aluminum alloy.

Corrosion-resistant, very stable in air, especially stable to sea water, low density 4.51g/cm3

Heat-resistant and low-temperature resistant, it has good performance at -200-600 and has good compatibility with human tissue.

summary

1. Metals have many common properties, such as having metallic luster, being good conductors of electricity and heat, and being ductile.

2. When determining the use of a substance, in addition to considering the nature of the substance, factors such as the substance's price, resources, whether it is beautiful, whether it is convenient to use, whether the waste is easy to recycle, and its impact on the environment should also be considered.

3. Metal materials include pure metals and alloys. An alloy is a mixture with metallic properties obtained by fusing other metals or non-metals into metals. The strength, hardness, corrosion resistance and other properties of alloys are generally better than those of the pure metals they are composed of, so alloys have a wider range of uses.

What physical properties of metals do the following metal products mainly utilize?

Copper wires, aluminum pots, gold necklaces, tungsten filaments in light bulbs

Copper wire: electrical conductivity, ductility and good mechanical strength.

Aluminum pot: thermal conductivity and stability of surface oxide film.

Gold necklaces: stability, luster and malleability.

Tungsten filament in light bulbs: high melting point and high resistivity

Steel rusts more easily than other metals. Why do humans use steel more than other metals?

1. The content of iron in the earth's crust is second only to aluminum and it is abundant in resources.

2. The price of steel is relatively cheap.

3. Pure iron can be made into steel with different properties and has a wide range of uses.

4. Scrap steel is easy to recycle.

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Update Time: 2024-09-22

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