"Solubility" Solution PPT Courseware 4

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"Solubility" Solution PPT Courseware 4

1. Saturated solution and unsaturated solution

1. Definition

(1) Saturated solution: At a certain temperature and in a certain amount of solvent, a solution that can no longer dissolve a certain substance is called a saturated solution of this solute.

(2) Unsaturated solution: A solution that can continue to dissolve a certain substance in a certain amount of solvent at a certain temperature is called an unsaturated solution of this solute.

Do it

Add a small amount of potassium permanganate to the saturated potassium nitrate solution and observe the phenomenon.

Note: The saturated solution must indicate which solute it is.

2. Discrimination method

Add a small amount of the same solute and observe whether it continues to dissolve

3. Obtaining crystals

(1) Evaporate the solvent

(Applicable to substances whose solubility is less affected by temperature)

(2) Cooling and crystallization

(Applicable to substances whose solubility decreases significantly with temperature)

1. Extended practice: try to determine whether it is true or false

① A saturated solution of the same substance must be more concentrated than an unsaturated solution.

② At a certain temperature, add a small amount of potassium nitrate to the potassium nitrate solution. If the quality of the solution remains unchanged, the solution is a saturated solution.

③ A saturated solution of the same substance must have more solute than an unsaturated solution.

④At a certain temperature, if the mass of the solute does not change, the unsaturated solution cannot be turned into a saturated solution.

⑤ A saturated solution of sodium chloride at a certain temperature must not continue to dissolve potassium nitrate.

⑥ When two saturated solutions of different solutes are mixed, they are still saturated solutions.

2. In a saturated solution of a certain substance, if some solids of the solute are added, the following statement is correct ( )

A. The solute mass decreases;

B. The solution mass increases;

C. The solid mass remains unchanged;

D. The solute mass increases.

3. At a certain temperature, pour out 100 grams of solution from 500 grams of saturated solution. In the remaining solution, which of the following values ​​is less than the original solution?

①The mass of the solute; ②The mass of the solvent;

③The density of the solution; ④The mass of the solution;

⑤The mass fraction of the solute (ie: concentration);

A.①②③④ B. ②③④⑤

C.①②④. D.①②③④⑤

2. Solubility

1. Solubility of solid substances (usually represented by S)

At a certain temperature, the mass of a solid substance dissolved when it reaches saturation in 100 grams of solvent is called the solubility of this substance in this solvent.

four elements

Condition: at a certain temperature

Standard: in 100 grams of solvent

Status: reaching saturation state

Dissolved mass (unit: grams)

What does it mean that the solubility of potassium nitrate is 31.6 grams at 20°C?

At 20°C, 31.6 grams of potassium nitrate is dissolved in 100 grams of water to reach saturation.

To find fault:

(1) 20 grams of substance A is dissolved in 100 grams of water to form a saturated solution. The solubility of A is 20 grams.

(2) At 20°C, 20 grams of substance A is dissolved in water to form a saturated solution. The solubility of A at 20°C is 20 grams.

(3) At 20℃, 20g of substance A is dissolved in 100g of water to form a solution. The solubility of A at 20℃ is 20g.

(4) At 20°C, 20 grams of substance A is dissolved in water to make 100 grams of saturated solution. Then the solubility of A at 20°C is 20 grams.

practice

1. The solubility of calcium carbonate is 0.0013g at 20 ℃, so calcium carbonate is a ___ soluble substance.

2. The solubility of sodium chloride is 36g at 20℃, then sodium chloride belongs to ( )

A. Easily soluble substances B. Soluble substances

C. Slightly soluble substances D. Insoluble substances

3. Why is food served in silverware less susceptible to spoilage?

After food is put into silverware, a very small amount of silver will always be dissolved in the water, and there will be silver ions in the water, which can effectively kill bacteria, so the food can be stored for a long time.

Review and consolidate

1. The picture shows the solubility curves of three substances A, B, and C in water. Please answer:

(1)The meaning of point M is _________.

(2) When the temperature is t1ºC, the solubility of the three substances in ascending order is _____. When the temperature is t3ºC, the solubility of the three substances is _____.

2. The picture on the right is the solubility curve of two substances A and B. Try to answer the following questions

(1) At t1ºC, the solubility of A is the solubility of B. (fill in <> or =)

(2) The temperature at which the mass fractions of solutes in the saturated solutions of two substances A and B are equal is ______C.

(3) When the solutions of substances A and B are close to saturation, the solution of substance ____ can be saturated by adding solute, evaporating the solvent, and lowering the temperature.

3. The solubility curves of solids A and B are as shown below. Now put the two test tubes into saturated solutions of two substances A and B respectively (there are undissolved solids at the bottom of the test tubes), and then put them into a beaker filled with ice water, then the following statement is correct ( )

A. The mass fraction of solute in solution A increases

B. The remaining solids in solution B decrease

C. The solubility of substances A and B in the test tube increases

D. The solutes in both solutions A and B in the test tube decreased.

Think about it:

1. Methods to increase the solubility of carbon dioxide in water ( )

A. Warming up and pressurizing; B. Warming up and reducing pressure; C. Cooling down and pressurizing; D. Cooling and reducing pressure.

2. The solubility of the following substances ① potassium nitrate ② hydrated lime ③ oxygen ④ carbon dioxide increases with the increase of temperature ( )

A.①② B.③④ C.①③④ D. Only ①

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Update Time: 2024-10-05

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