"Common Acids and Bases" Acids and Bases PPT Courseware

Description

"Common Acids and Bases" Acids and Bases PPT Courseware

learning target

1. Understand the main properties and uses of some common acids and bases;

2. Be able to use acid-base indicators to test the acidity and alkalinity of solutions;

3. Understand the corrosiveness of acids and alkalis and the safety precautions when using them.

Preview test

Please tell me about the acids and bases you know:

Common acids include hydrochloric acid (HCl), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), nitric acid (HNO3) and acetic acid (CH3COOH).

Common bases include calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 sodium hydroxide NaOH

Do the two detergents at home contain the same substances?

What kind of substances do they belong to? What's the difference?

Knowledge review: CO2 makes purple litmus test solution turn red

1. Acid-base indicator

Substances that react with acid or alkali solutions to display different colors to indicate the presence of acid-base substances are called acid-base indicators.

Activities and Inquiry

Litmus indicator is a purple infusion extracted from litmus lichen. It is the earliest reagent widely used in chemistry to identify the acidity and alkalinity of solutions.

It was first discovered by the British chemist Boyle in the 17th century.

There are also many plant pigments that can also be used as acid-base indicators.

give it a try

What will happen if litmus and phenolphthalein solutions are added to the following four solutions?

2. Common acids

Hydrochloric acid Sulfuric acid Nitric acid Acetic acid Carbonic acid

HCl H2SO4 HNO3 CH3COOH H2CO3

Study 1: Physical properties of concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated hydrochloric acid

Observe the state and color of concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated hydrochloric acid, compare their mass with the same volume of water, open the cork, and observe what happens; smell it to see if there is any smell?

Note: How to smell gas

Click and pull:

After opening the bottle cap of concentrated hydrochloric acid, you will see white mist appearing. The reason is that the concentrated hydrochloric acid volatilizes hydrogen chloride gas, which dissolves in the water in the air to form small droplets of hydrochloric acid. It can be concluded that concentrated hydrochloric acid is volatile and hydrogen chloride gas is easily soluble in water.

expand:

The principle of fog generation: it is formed by small liquid droplets suspended in the air.

The principle of smoke generation: it is formed by small solid particles suspended in the air.

Write the equations for the chemical reactions of hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid with iron, magnesium, zinc and aluminum respectively.

Mg+2HCl==MgCl2+H2↑ Mg+H2SO4==MgSO4+H2↑

2Al+6HCl==2AlCl3+3H2↑ 2Al+3H2SO4==Al2(SO4)3+3H2↑

Zn+2HCl==ZnCl2+H2↑ Zn+H2SO4==ZnSO4+H2↑

Fe+2HCl==FeCl2+H2↑ Fe+H2SO4==FeSO4+H2↑

Practice in class

1. Drop purple litmus test solution into lime water, the color of the solution becomes ( )

A. Colorless B. Blue C. Red D. Purple

2. Among the properties of the following substances, which ones are chemical properties ( )

A. Concentrated sulfuric acid is water absorbent B. Sulfuric acid is acidic

C. Concentrated hydrochloric acid is volatile. D. Table salt is soluble in water.

3. What is the reason for "be very careful when using sulfuric acid"? The most accurate answer ( )

A. Sulfuric acid is colorless, viscous, oily, and non-volatile

B. It is water-absorbent and is generally used as a desiccant. It is not suitable for direct contact with people.

C. It is water-absorbent and can deprive some substances of moisture.

D. Sulfuric acid is very corrosive to skin or clothes. Concentrated sulfuric acid can also deprive the skin and clothes of moisture and carbonize them.

4. A certain amount of air passes through a sufficient amount of lime water and concentrated sulfuric acid in sequence. What is removed respectively ( )

A. Nitrogen and oxygen B. Nitrogen, oxygen and rare gases

C. Carbon dioxide and water vapor D. Carbon dioxide and oxygen

4. Common bases

1. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)

Summary: (1) Physical properties of sodium hydroxide (NaOH)

①Sodium hydroxide is a white solid.

②Sodium hydroxide easily absorbs moisture when exposed to the air, and the surface becomes moist and gradually dissolves. This phenomenon is called deliquescence.

③Sodium hydroxide can be used as a desiccant for certain gases (such as H2, O2, NH3, etc.).

④Sodium hydroxide is easily soluble in water and releases a lot of heat when dissolved.

(2) Characteristics of sodium hydroxide

(1) Sodium hydroxide is highly corrosive and is commonly known as caustic soda, fire soda or caustic soda.

(2) If you accidentally get the alkali solution on your skin, rinse it with more water and then apply boric acid solution.

(3) Easily absorb water and deliquesce.

2. Calcium hydroxide[ Ca(OH)2 ]

(1) Calcium hydroxide is also corrosive, so please pay attention to safety when using it.

(2) Common alkalis include potassium hydroxide (KOH), barium hydroxide Ba(OH)2, ammonia (NH3·H2O), Cu(OH)2, Fe(OH)3, etc.

Practice in class

[Question 1] If the humid air is passed through caustic soda solution, concentrated sulfuric acid and red-hot copper mesh in sequence, _____, ________, and ________ in the air will be removed in sequence, and the final remaining gas is mainly _______.

[Question 2] Among the following gases, which one can be dried with both solid NaOH and concentrated H2SO4 ( )

A. CO2 B. HCl C. SO2 D. O2

[Question 3] Iron powder mixed with a small amount of copper oxide is added to a beaker containing dilute sulfuric acid. It reacts fully and some iron remains. After filtration, the solute contained in the filtrate is ( )

A. H2SO4 B. FeSO4

C. FeSO4 and CuSO4 D. H2SO4 and FeSO4

Keywords: Acids and bases teaching courseware, common acids and bases teaching courseware, New People's Education Edition ninth grade chemistry PPT courseware volume 2, ninth grade chemistry slide courseware download, acids and bases PPT courseware download, common acids and bases PPT Courseware download, .ppt format

For more information about the PPT courseware "Common Acids and Bases Acids and Bases", please click on the Common Acids and Bases ppt Acids and Bases ppt tab.

"Several Common Acids and Bases" Initial Acids, Bases and Salts PPT Courseware 3:

"Several Common Acids and Bases" Initial Acids, Bases and Salts PPT Courseware 3 1. Several common acids: 1. Physical properties of concentrated hydrochloric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid [Review Questions] 1. What are acids and bases? 2. What are the composition characteristics of acids and bases? Observe P11 experiments 1, 2, and 3 and complete the following...

"Several Common Acids and Bases" Initial Acids, Bases and Salts PPT Courseware 2:

"Several Common Acids and Bases" Initial Acids, Bases and Salts PPT Courseware 2 Preparation before class 1. Write the chemical formulas of common acids in life 2. Complete the following equations Mg Al Zn Fe; iron oxide, copper oxide and dilute respectively Chemical equation for the reaction of hydrochloric acid and dilute sulfuric acid. one..

"Several Common Acids and Bases" Initial Acids, Bases and Salts PPT Courseware:

"Several Common Acids and Bases" Initial Acids, Bases and Salts PPT Courseware Review before class 1. What kind of compound is called a base? Compounds in which all cations produced during ionization are H+ are called bases. 2. Which of the following compounds are bases? NaOH KOH Ca(OH)2 Ba(OH..

File Info

Update Time: 2024-07-10

This template belongs to Chemistry courseware People's Education Press Ninth Grade Chemistry Volume 2 industry PPT template

Preview