"Common Acids and Bases" Acids and Bases PPT Courseware 3

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"Common Acids and Bases" Acids and Bases PPT Courseware 3

Common acids

Hydrochloric acid (HCl) Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) Nitric acid (HNO3) Carbonic acid (H2CO3) Acetic acid (CH3COOH) Phosphoric acid (H3PO4)

Judging from the name: the last word is "acid"

From a structural point of view: all contain hydrogen elements

common bases

Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) Calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 Potassium hydroxide (KOH) Copper hydroxide Cu(OH)2

Judging from the name: they are all called "hydrogen oxide"

From a structural point of view: all contain hydroxide (OH)

Indicators learned earlier

1. What phenomena can be seen in the experiment on the right? What does this indicate about the properties of phenolphthalein test solution?

Colorless phenolphthalein turns red when exposed to concentrated ammonia

2. Who can turn purple flowers into red flowers?

Purple litmus is an indicator that turns red when exposed to carbonic acid

1. How to identify acid and alkali solutions (Textbook P50 Experiment 10-1)

1. Color change range of indicator (key points)

2. How to use acid-base indicator to test the acidity and alkalinity of a solution?

Sampling—adding indicator—phenomenon—conclusion

(1) Method for testing acidic solution:

Take a small amount of this solution and add purple litmus solution dropwise. If the purple litmus solution turns red, the solution is an acidic solution.

(2) Methods for testing alkaline solutions:

① Take a small amount of this solution and add purple litmus solution dropwise. If the purple litmus solution turns blue, the solution is an alkaline solution.

② Take a small amount of this solution and add it dropwise to the colorless phenolphthalein solution. If the colorless phenolphthalein solution appears red, it means that the solution is an alkaline solution.

Consolidation exercises:

1. A solution that can turn purple litmus solution blue, and it can turn colorless phenolphthalein solution ( )

A． Turn red B. Turn blue C. Colorless D. turn purple

2. The aqueous solution of the following substances can turn purple litmus solution red ()

A． NaCl B. NH3 C. HCl D. NaOH

(2) Chemical properties of bases

(1) Do you remember what color purple litmus solution and colorless phenolphthalein solution show when they encounter sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide solutions?

Purple litmus solution will show blue when it meets sodium hydroxide solution and calcium hydroxide solution; colorless phenolphthalein solution will show red when it meets sodium hydroxide solution and calcium hydroxide solution.

(2) ① Recall and test the reaction of carbon dioxide and write the chemical equation: CO2+Ca(OH)2=CaCO3↓+H2O. Calcium hydroxide reacts with carbon dioxide in the air to form hard calcium carbonate. The previously mentioned uses of mixing slaked lime with sand to lay bricks and using lime slurry to paint walls all utilize this property of calcium hydroxide.

②Sodium hydroxide not only absorbs moisture in the air, but also reacts with carbon dioxide in the air: 2NaOH+CO2=Na2CO3+H2O, so sodium hydroxide must be sealed and stored.

CO2+Ca(OH)2＝CaCO3↓+H2O CO2+2NaOH＝Na2CO3+H2O

Produce salt and water of the same valence state

Discussion Both reactions above produce salt and water.

The reaction between sulfur trioxide and alkali is similar to the above two reactions. Try to write the chemical equations for the reaction between sulfur trioxide and sulfur dioxide and sodium hydroxide:

SO3+2NaOH=Na2SO4 (sodium sulfate)+H2O

SO2+2NaOH=Na2SO3(sodium sulfite)+H2O

Common properties of bases

(1) Acts with acid-base indicator (soluble alkali)

A． Purple litmus solution turns blue when encountering alkali solution;

B． Colorless phenolphthalein solution turns red when exposed to alkaline solution

(2) Reaction with certain non-metal oxides: alkali solution + non-metal oxide → salt + water

For example: 2NaOH + SO2 == Na2SO3 + H2O

Acids such as hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid have some similar chemical properties, while sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, etc. also have some similar chemical properties. Why is this?

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Update Time: 2024-11-17

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