"Common Acids and Bases" Acids and Bases PPT Courseware 4

Description

"Common Acids and Bases" Acids and Bases PPT Courseware 4

Lesson objectives

1. Know the common acids and bases in life.

2. Understand acid-base indicators and their changing patterns.

1. What are the acids in life?

2. What are the alkalis in life?

Alkalis in life include: calcium hydroxide: Ca(OH)2 in lime water, and sodium hydroxide: NaOH in stove cleaners. They are all alkalis.

1. Common acids include hydrochloric acid (HCl), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), nitric acid (HNO3), phosphoric acid (H3PO4), carbonic acid (H2CO3), acetic acid (CH3COOH), etc.

From the name point of view, the last word in them is "acid", and from the composition point of view, they all contain H element.

2. Common alkalis include sodium hydroxide (NaOH), calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2, potassium hydroxide (KOH), ammonia (NH3·H2O), etc.

From the name point of view, it is called "hydroxide"; from the structure point of view, it contains hydroxide (OH)

3. Acid-base indicator

Definition: Substances that can react with acid or alkali solutions to display different colors.

Commonly used acid-base indicators are: purple litmus solution and colorless phenolphthalein solution

In conclusion:

To test the acidity or alkalinity of an unknown solution, the best indicator is purple litmus solution. Colorless phenolphthalein solution can only test whether the solution is alkaline, but cannot test whether the solution is acidic.

Practical learning (self-test→feedback→advice)

1. Common acids include _______, _______, _______, _______, _______.

2. Common bases include _______ and _______.

3. Common acid-base indicators are _______ and _______.

4． Purple litmus solution turns to _______ color when exposed to acidic solutions, and turns to _______ color when exposed to alkaline solutions.

5. Colorless phenolphthalein solution turns into _______ color when it encounters acid solution and turns into _______ color when it encounters alkali solution.

Testing (consolidation→application→expansion)

1. Among the following methods for identifying substances, which one is feasible ( )

A． Use phenolphthalein solution to identify calcium hydroxide solution and sodium hydroxide solution

B． Use litmus solution to identify dilute hydrochloric acid and dilute sulfuric acid

C. Use phenolphthalein solution to identify sugar water and dilute hydrochloric acid

D. Use litmus solution to identify sodium hydroxide solution and dilute sulfuric acid

2. When a colorless phenolphthalein solution is dropped into a colorless liquid, the solution does not change color; if a purple litmus solution is dropped into the colorless liquid ( )

A． It must appear red B. It may appear purple or red

C. May appear blue D. It will definitely become colorless

3. A student performed the following magic at a chemistry party: dipped a brush into a colorless liquid and wrote the words "chemical magic" on a piece of white paper, and then sprayed a colorless liquid on the white paper. The four words "Chemical Magic" appeared in red immediately. The colorless liquid that the student used may be ( )

A． Purple litmus solution and hydrochloric acid

B． Sodium hydroxide solution and hydrochloric acid

C. Colorless phenolphthalein solution and hydrochloric acid

D. Colorless phenolphthalein solution and sodium hydroxide solution

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Update Time: 2024-10-01

This template belongs to Chemistry courseware People's Education Press Ninth Grade Chemistry Volume 2 industry PPT template

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