"Common Salt in Life" Salt Fertilizer PPT Courseware 2

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"Common Salt in Life" Salt Fertilizer PPT Courseware 2

How to quickly identify acid, alkali and salts:

Acid: The first letter is H, either water or hydrogen peroxide or acid (a certain acid, hydrogen and a certain acid)

Base: The last two letters are OH (hydrogen oxide)

Salt: Others are salts (a certain acid, a certain chemical)

Indicate which of the following substances are acids? Which are bases? Which are salts?

NaHCO3 KOH HNO3 K2CO3 NaNO3 H2CO3 Mg(OH)2

Acid: HNO3, H2CO3 Base: KOH, Mg(OH)2

Salt: NaHCO3, K2CO3, NaNO3

Sodium nitrite NaNO2

Sodium nitrite is industrial salt. It is a white opaque crystal that looks like table salt. Nitrite is not only a carcinogen, but ingestion of 0.2 to 0.5 g can cause food poisoning, and 3 g can cause death. Nitrite is a type of food additive that plays a coloring and preservative role. It is widely used in animal foods such as cooked meats, enemas, and canned foods. Countries around the world still allow it to be used to marinate meat, but the dosage is strictly limited.

2. Uses of sodium chloride

NO.1: Important condiment (iodized salt)

NO.2: Indispensable substance for normal human physiology (physiological effects of salt)

NO.3: Used to pickle food in daily life

NO.4: Industrial raw materials: chlor-alkali industry

NO.5: Preparing physiological saline for medical treatment, and using sodium chloride solution for seed selection in agriculture

Complete the following questions in "Activities and Inquiry" on page 87 of the self-study textbook

1. The general steps to turn coarse salt into refined salt are ______, filtering, and ______. After filtration, pour the filtrate into ______ for evaporation. When ______ is in the evaporating dish, stop heating. If the filtrate is still turbid after two filtrations, what are the possible reasons?

① The liquid level is higher than the edge of the filter paper during filtration; ② The filter paper is damaged; ③ The instrument is not clean.

2. The filter is composed of ______ and filter paper. Pay attention to ____________ when filtering.

3. In the experiment of purifying coarse salt, the glass rod was used ______ times. What are their functions?

Stir when dissolving to accelerate dissolution; drain when filtering; stir when evaporating to prevent droplets from splashing; transfer solids when calculating yield.

If the calculated refined salt yield is larger than the actual value, try to analyze the reason; if the value is smaller, what is the reason?

The yield is on the high side: ① The filtration is not clean; ② The water has not evaporated completely.

The yield is low: ① The liquid is spilled during operation; ② Part of the sodium chloride is stained on the filter paper or evaporating dish. ③The filter residue is not washed after filtration

Feedback and sorting

1. What did you gain from studying this section?

1. The composition, uses, distribution and preparation methods of sodium chloride.

2. Preliminary purification of coarse salt.

2. Feedback training:

1. The main component of household alkali is Na2CO3, and this substance category belongs to ( )

A. Acid B. Base C. Salt D. Oxide

2. The main steps of coarse salt purification are ____, ____, and ____.

3. In industry, saturated sodium chloride solution is used to continuously rinse coarse salt to remove soluble impurities in coarse salt. Try to analyze the reasons.

discuss:

1. Acid and alkali react to form salt and water. Is it a metathesis reaction? Why?

It is a metathesis reaction because two reactants exchange components with each other to form two products.

2. Analyze and summarize the characteristics of the products in the above reactions, and think about the conditions for the metathesis reaction to occur.

The two reactants exchange components with each other, and the reaction can proceed only when gas, precipitation or water is formed in the product.

If it is an acid-base reaction, at least one of the reactants must be soluble; if it is another reaction, both reactants must be soluble.

4. Testing of several common ions

1. Testing for carbonate ions

① Add dilute hydrochloric acid dropwise, phenomenon: bubbles will appear;

②Pour in clear lime water, phenomenon: white turbidity will be generated.

2. Test for sulfate ions

① Add barium nitrate dropwise, phenomenon: white precipitate will form;

② Add dilute nitric acid dropwise, phenomenon: the precipitate does not dissolve.

3. Chloride ion test

① Add silver nitrate dropwise, phenomenon: white precipitate will form;

② Add dilute nitric acid dropwise, phenomenon: the precipitate does not dissolve.

Class exercises

1. Which of the following groups of ions can coexist ( )

A． Ba2+, K+, NO3-, CO32-, H+

B． K+, Cl-, Mg2+, NO3-, H+

C. Fe3+, SO42-, OH-, Na+, Cu2+

D. Ag+, Ba2+, Cl-, NO3-, K+

2. Without using other reagents, use the simplest method to identify: ① sodium hydroxide ② magnesium sulfate ③ barium nitrate ④ ferric chloride ⑤ potassium chloride five solutions, then the correct order of the identified substances is ( )

A． ①②③④⑤

B． ④①②③⑤

C. ④③①②⑤

D. ②③①④⑤

3. Which of the following groups of solutions can be identified without adding other reagents ( )

A． Na2CO3, HCl, H2SO4, NaNO3

B． K2CO3, H2SO4, HNO3, BaCl2

C. HCl, AgNO3, HNO3, NaCl

D. NaOH, FeCl3, MgCl2, BaCl2

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Update Time: 2024-07-01

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