"Studying the Specific Heat Capacity of Substances" Internal Energy and Heat Engine PPT Courseware

Description

"Studying the Specific Heat Capacity of Substances" Internal Energy and Heat Engine PPT Courseware

learning target

1. Understand the concept of specific heat capacity, know that specific heat capacity is a characteristic of a substance, and a physical quantity that reflects the heat absorption and release properties of a substance. Know that the unit of specific heat capacity is J/(kg.℃) and the reading and meaning of the specific heat capacity unit.

2. Try to use the concept of specific heat capacity to explain related simple phenomena. We know that water has a greater specific heat capacity.

3. Through experimental exploration, we will understand the characteristic that "different substances with the same mass absorb different amounts of heat when raising the same temperature", and will use the control variable method to design and conduct experiments.

Core test point: Calculation of calories.

Preview before class

1. In the experimental process of studying the heat absorption or heat release properties of different substances, the ________ method is used to control the mass of the object and the temperature change of the object unchanged, and study the relationship between the amount of heat absorbed and the type of substance.

2. The specific heat capacity of water is ________, and its physical meaning is: for water with a mass of ________, the heat absorbed (or released) every time the temperature increases _________ or decreases _________ is _________J.

3. The specific heat capacity of water is ________, and its unit is pronounced: ________; compared with Guilin, the temperature difference between day and night in the coastal city of Qinzhou is smaller, which is mainly due to the specific heat capacity of water ________ (fill in "big" or "small").

4． The specific heat capacity of water is 4.2×103J/(kg·℃). If half of the 2kg water is poured out, the specific heat capacity of the remaining water is _________J/(kg·℃); water with an initial temperature of 20℃ and a mass of lkg absorbs 2. After 1×105J heat, the temperature will rise to ________℃.

Lectures in class

Knowledge point 1. Explore the heat absorption and release properties of substances

(1) Experimental equipment and methods

As shown in the figure below, use a balance to measure the same mass of sand and water, place them in the same beaker, heat them with the same alcohol lamp, and observe how their temperatures rise during the same time.

(2) Analysis and demonstration

Sand and gravel of equal mass and water absorb the same amount of heat. The temperature of sand and gravel rises higher than the temperature of water. To make sand and gravel and water of equal mass raise the same temperature, the water must be heated for a longer time.

It can be seen that different substances with equal masses absorb unequal amounts of heat when they rise to the same temperature.

Precautions during experimental operation

(1) The purpose of using the same alcohol lamp is to provide equal heat to the outside within the same time.

(2) The purpose of requiring the two beakers to have the same specifications is that during the heating process, the heat absorbed by the beakers is equal.

The above two points determine that sand and water of equal mass absorb equal amounts of heat in the same time. By observing the increase in temperature of sand and water, we can explore the heat absorption properties of sand and water. This research method is called the controlled variable method.

Knowledge point 2 Specific heat capacity

(1) Definition: The heat absorbed by a unit mass of a certain substance when the temperature rises by 1°C is called the specific heat capacity of the substance.

(2) Physical meaning: Indicates the heat-absorbing ability of a substance. Specific heat capacity is a characteristic of a substance. Each substance has its own specific heat capacity. The specific heat capacity of the same substance is fixed and does not depend on the amount, mass, or amount of heat absorbed or released by the object. It changes with increasing or decreasing temperature. The specific heat capacities of different substances are generally different. The specific heat capacities of the same substance are related to the state. For example, the specific heat capacities of water and ice are different.

(3) Unit: joule per kilogram Celsius, the symbol is J/(kg·℃).

(4) Specific heat capacity is one of the characteristics of substances. The specific heat capacities of different substances are generally different, and the specific heat capacities of the same substance are the same.

(5) How to correctly understand the characteristics and physical significance of the specific heat capacity of water

The specific heat capacity of water is large. This feature is of great significance in people's daily life and production. It is mainly reflected in two aspects: Because the specific heat capacity of water is large, a certain mass of water will increase (or decrease) a certain temperature. It absorbs (or releases) more heat, so water can be used as a coolant or for heating. When used as a coolant, water is allowed to absorb and take away more

Heat; when used for heating, it allows water to release more heat for people to use. On the other hand, due to the large specific heat capacity of water,

A certain mass of water absorbs (or releases) more heat but does not change its own temperature much, which is beneficial to regulating the climate. In summer, the sun shines on the sea, and the sea water absorbs a lot of heat as the temperature rises, so people living at the seaside do not feel particularly hot; in winter, when the temperature drops, the sea water releases a lot of heat due to the lower temperature, causing coastal areas to become hotter. The temperature doesn't drop too low, so people who live by the sea don't feel particularly cold.

In-class testing

1. (2014•Hangzhou) Regarding the concept of specific heat, which of the following statements is wrong ( )

A． The amount of heat absorbed by a unit mass of a substance when its temperature rises by 1°C is called the specific heat of the substance.

B． The amount of heat released when the temperature of a unit mass of a substance decreases by 1°C is also called the specific heat of the substance.

C. The more heat a certain substance absorbs or releases, the greater the specific heat. Specific heat is related to heat.

D. Various substances have their own specific heat, which is one of the characteristics of substances

2. (2014•Fujian) When water and kerosene of the same mass absorb the same amount of heat, the temperature of kerosene rises more. This is because the temperature of kerosene ( )

A． Small specific heat capacity B. Larger specific heat capacity

C. Less dense D. Denser

3. (2014•Henan) Use the same heating device to heat two liquids A and B with equal masses at the same time. The temperature changes of the two liquids with time are as shown in the table. Compare the specific heat capacities of two liquids from data ( )

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Update Time: 2024-10-04

This template belongs to Physics courseware Guangdong and Shanghai Edition Ninth Grade Physics Volume 1 industry PPT template

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