"Virus" PPT courseware 6

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"Virus" PPT courseware 6

By studying this chapter, you will know:

1. What are the structural characteristics of viruses?

2. How do viruses reproduce?

3. What is the relationship between viruses and human life?

Self-study guidance (1)

Read the first paragraph of P89 and think:

1. Who discovered the virus?

2. Try to describe the discovery process of the virus in your own words.

1. Discovery of viruses

Discoverer: Ivanovsky

Research Material: Tobacco

Guess: What causes tobacco mosaic disease?

Self-study guidance (2)

Read textbook P90 and think:

1. What is the shape, size and type of the virus?

2. How do viruses live?

3. What three categories can viruses be divided into based on their hosts?

4. What are the structural characteristics of viruses?

5. How do viruses reproduce?

Type of virus (depending on the virus host)

⑴Animal viruses: viruses that specifically parasitize in human and animal cells, such as influenza viruses;

⑵Plant viruses: viruses that specifically parasitize in plant cells, such as tobacco mosaic virus;

⑶Bacterial viruses: Viruses that specifically parasitize in bacterial cells are also called bacteriophages such as E. coli phages.

How do viruses reproduce?

Viruses can only parasitize in living cells and rely on the genetic information in their own genetic material to use the materials in the cells to create new viruses. This is its way of reproduction.

Once a virus enters a living cell, its genetic material will use intracellular materials to synthesize viral proteins and genetic material within the cell. These proteins and genetic material are then assembled into new viruses. Once the cell is filled with new viruses, the cell It will lyse and release viruses, which can in turn infect other living cells.

3. The relationship between viruses and human life

1. Harmful: There are many types of viruses, wide distribution, and parasitic life, which will bring great harm to humans, raised animals, and cultivated plants!

1) Flu

2) Hepatitis

Hepatitis patients suffer from listlessness, yellowing of the whites of their eyes, nausea and vomiting, and an aversion to greasy food

3) Human infection with hand, foot and mouth virus

4) People infected with HIV

AIDS has been called the “plague of the century”—once infected, immunity is almost lost, and even a small cold can be life-threatening.

2. Beneficial to mankind

1) Vaccination with cowpox vaccine to prevent smallpox

2) Oral sugar pills-prevent poliomyelitis (poliomyelitis)

3) Get specific vaccines to prevent foot and mouth disease, avian influenza, and rabies

Vaccine: An artificially attenuated or non-virulent virus.

4) The role of viruses in transgenics or gene therapy

Scientists allow certain viruses to carry certain genes from animals, plants or microorganisms into normal cells to achieve genetic modification or gene therapy. At this time, the virus becomes a vector carrying genes.

In-person testing

1.At the beginning of the 20th century, scientists first observed tobacco mosaic disease using ( )

A. Magnifying glass B. Electron microscope

C. Telescope D. High-power optical microscope

2. What does the structure of a virus consist of? ( )

A. Cell wall, cytoplasm, nucleus

B. Cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus

C. Cellulose shell and core composed of genetic material

D. protein shell and core composed of genetic material

3. Which of the following statements about viruses is incorrect ( )

A. Viruses are much smaller than bacteria

B. Viruses come in various shapes, including sphere, rod, tadpole, etc.

C. Viruses have no cellular structure

D. Viruses are harmful to humans

4. Which of the following is not an example of humans using viruses to serve humans ( )

A. Invertebrate viruses make pesticides

B. Inject penicillin into patients with high fever

C. Use bacteriophages to treat purulent infections in burn patients

D. Inject Japanese encephalitis vaccine into healthy people

5. The viruses that cause AIDS, foot-and-mouth disease, and tobacco mosaic disease are ( )

A. Human viruses, bacterial viruses, plant viruses

B. Animal viruses, animal viruses, plant viruses

C. Human viruses, bacterial viruses, plant viruses

D. Animal viruses, bacterial viruses, plant viruses

6. The life characteristics of viruses are ( )

A. All live independently

B. Must live within the cells of living organisms

7. After the virus is extracted from the cells and purified into a crystalline state, the virus will ( )

A. Loss of life activities B. Live normally, but do not reproduce.

C.Normal life D.The structure will disintegrate immediately

In-person testing

1. Viruses have no cellular structure and are too small to be observed using ______.

2. Viruses cannot ______ life. Can only be parasitic in the ______ of other organisms. According to the different types of parasitic organisms, viruses can usually be divided into ______ viruses, ______ viruses and ______ viruses.

3. The structure of a virus is ______, consisting of a ______ outer shell and an inner ______. Viruses can only parasitize in ______, relying on the genetic information in their own ______ and using materials in cells to create new viruses. When viruses leave a living cell, they usually become ______ bodies.

4. There are many types of viruses, which are distributed in ______ and live in ______, causing great harm to humans, animals and plants. On the one hand, humans try to ______ and ______ viral diseases, and on the other hand, ______ viruses benefit humans.

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Update Time: 2024-10-05

This template belongs to biology courseware People's Education Edition Biology for Grade 8, Volume 1 industry PPT template

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