"Mutation of Organisms" Heredity and Variation of Organisms PPT Courseware 3

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"Mutation of Organisms" Heredity and Variation of Organisms PPT Courseware 3

1. Learning objectives

1. Be able to correctly distinguish heritable variation from non-heritable variation.

2. Know the causes of biological variation.

3. Understand how humans apply the principles of genetic variation to breed new varieties.

2. Independent learning

Read the teaching materials carefully and quickly, and independently complete the "Pre-class Preview" content in this section of "Learning the Law".

3. Research and display

1. What characteristics of living things does "one mother gives birth to nine sons, and the mother gives birth to ten sons"?

2. Read pages P44-45 of the textbook and complete discussion questions 3 and 4.

3. Try to analyze what are the factors that cause biological variation?

4. Read pages P46-47 of the textbook. Can you tell what genetic variation principles are used in the selection of high-yield dairy cows, high-yield lodging-resistant wheat, and space peppers?

Mutations

1. Concept: There are more or less differences between the offspring of an organism and its parents, and between different offspring, which is called mutation.

2. Characteristics: It is a common life phenomenon in the biological world and one of the basic characteristics of living things.

What kind of variation can be inherited?

1. What is a heritable variation?

Variation caused by changes in genetic material.

For example: the iris of human eyes can be brown or blue, and the human color discrimination ability can be normal or color blind, etc.

2. What is a non-heritable variation?

A mutation caused by environmental conditions without changing the genetic material.

Such as: mice with broken tails, leeks in the greenhouse, etc.

hint:

1. Random sampling, the sample must be of sufficient quantity, no less than 30 pills

2. Measure the length of the long axis of the fruit in millimeters and round up.

3. Choose appropriate measurement tools and measurement methods

4. Use graph paper to draw a curve graph. The horizontal axis is the length of the fruit and the vertical axis is the number of samples. According to the intersection point of the two numbers, connect them into a curve (the measurement results can also be expressed as a histogram)

making plans

(1) Materials and tools

Two kinds of peanuts, ruler, pen, graph paper (or white paper)

(2) Implementation process and measurement data

①Selected 30 large peanuts and 30 small peanuts

②Measurement data of large peanuts

③Measuring data of small peanuts

④Draw a coordinate chart (or histogram) based on the measured data

Analysis discussion questions:

(1) If the seeds of large peanuts are planted in poor soil, the fruits will be small, and if the seeds of small peanuts are planted in fertile soil, the fruits will be large. What causes this difference?

(2) If these two fruits are planted in the same soil, what will happen to the fruits they produce?

The meaning of biological variation:

What does biological variation bring to nature? What does it bring to mankind?

The good side: species evolution; cultivating new biological species to benefit mankind;

The bad side: organisms become sick; pests evolve; deformed organisms or deformed organs appear, causing harm to humans.

The link between genetics and variation

Without mutation, the biological world loses the material for evolution, and inheritance can only be simple copying. Without inheritance, variation cannot accumulate, variation loses meaning, and organisms cannot evolve.

5. Compliance testing

1. Which of the following mutations cannot be passed on to offspring ( )

A. In a couple, the husband cannot distinguish between red and green.

B. Someone often works outdoors and his skin turns dark.

C. A couple is normal, but the child is diagnosed with congenital dementia after a certain age.

D. Both parents have double eyelids, but their daughter has single eyelids.

2. Which of the following does not belong to biological variation ( )

A. Differences in color of corn ears

B. The offspring of Ankang sheep are much shorter than their parents.

C. The heads of red-eyed fruit flies and white-eyed fruit flies

D. Immature small apples and mature big apples

3. Among the following methods, the one that cannot obtain heritable variation is ( )

A. Strengthen water and fertilizer management to make crops healthy

B. Cross breeds and then carry out breeding.

C. Treat seeds with rays and drugs for breeding.

D. Select cattle with better meat quality for breeding.

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For more information about the PPT courseware "Variation of Biology, Heredity and Variation of Biology", please click the "Variation of Biology ppt, Heredity and Variation of Biology" ppt tag.

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Update Time: 2024-09-25

This template belongs to biology courseware People's Education Edition Biology for Grade 8, Volume 2 industry PPT template

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