"Genes Control Biological Traits" Biological Inheritance and Variation PPT Courseware 6

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"Genes Control Biological Traits" Biological Inheritance and Variation PPT Courseware 6

1. What is heredity?

The phenomenon of biological traits being passed on to future generations is called heredity.

2. What is mutation?

The differences in traits between parents and offspring of organisms, as well as between individuals of offspring, are called variations.

Biological inheritance and variation are achieved through reproduction and development.

Observe yourself or your classmates:

Are there earlobes?

Is it a single eyelid or a double eyelid?

Can you curl your tongue from both sides to the center?

Can you bend your thumb dorsally?

1. Can you know all of your traits just by visual observation or simple measurements?

You cannot know all your traits. The naked eye can only observe certain morphological structures and behavioral characteristics, but cannot observe the physiological characteristics of organisms.

2. Give examples of the different manifestations of the same trait in the same species of organisms.

For example, the color of roses is the same shape, with different manifestations, such as red, white, yellow, etc.; there are also organisms that have the same trait in only two manifestations, such as pea seeds that are only round or wrinkled.

3. Choose any of the above human traits and see if they are the same as your parents. If they are different, see if they are the same as your parents' parents? What is this indicating?

Identical to a parent or a parent's parent, indicating that these traits are heritable.

4. Are all traits of organisms heritable? If not, please give an example and try to explain.

no. For example, in areas with sufficient water and fertilizer in wheat fields, wheat seedlings are thicker than normal. This trait difference is due to variation caused by changes in environmental conditions, and does not involve changes in genetic material, and is not heritable.

The concept of traits:

The morphological structure, physiological characteristics and behavioral characteristics of organisms are collectively called traits.

The concept of relative traits:

Different manifestations of the same trait in the same organism are called relative traits.

Consolidation exercises:

1. "If you sow melons, you will get melons; if you sow beans, you will get beans." "One mother gives birth to nine sons, and even the mother has ten sons." This shows that ( ) is common in nature.

A Reproductive and developmental phenomena B Evolutionary phenomena

C Heredity and mutation phenomena D Supernatural phenomena

2. Characteristics refer to ( )

A The shape of the organism B The sex of the organism

C Morphological characteristics, physiological characteristics and behavioral patterns of organisms, etc.

D size of organism

3. Which of the following traits cannot be inherited ( )

A A sighted couple gives birth to a color-blind son

B The fur colors of rabbits include white, black, etc.

C Individual albino seedlings often appear in corn fields

D People who often work in the field have darkened skin

4. Heredity refers to _________ between parents and children, variation refers to _________ between parents and offspring individuals, and biological inheritance and variation are achieved through _________.

5. Xiaohong’s mother has double eyelids, has earlobes, and her thumbs are bent dorsally; her father has single eyelids, has earlobes, and his thumbs cannot bend dorsally; Xiaohong has double eyelids, has no earlobes, and his thumbs cannot bend dorsally. Please analyze based on the above information:

The mother has double eyelids, and Xiaohong also has double eyelids, which illustrates the biological _________ phenomenon.

Both parents have earlobes, but Xiaohong has no earlobes, which illustrates the biological ________ phenomenon.

There are ________ pairs of relative traits, which are ______________, ______________, and ______________.

GM technology:

By transferring a gene from one organism into the genome of another organism using biotechnological methods, the resulting genetically modified organism may exhibit the traits controlled by the inserted gene.

This is genetically modified technology.

application:

Genetically modified crops, genetically modified animals, genetically modified foods, genetically modified drugs, etc.

Consolidation exercises:

1. In the study of genetically modified super mice, what is being studied is _____. The super mice born in one litter are large in size, while ordinary mice are small in size. This is a pair of _____, and the gene that controls this trait is _____.

2. In the process of biological transmission, _____ is passed on, not _____.

3. The relationship between traits and genes is _____.

4. At present, the applications of genetically modified technology include _____, _____, _____, _____.

practise

1. Think about it, which of the following statements are correct? What's wrong? Why?

(1) For the same mature fish, carp is larger and crucian carp is smaller. This is a relative trait.

(2) Goldfish have transparent and opaque body colors, which are relative traits.

(3) The surface of plum fruit is smooth, while the surface of peach fruit is either smooth or hairy. They can be called relative traits to each other.

(4) The wounds of hemophilia patients are not easy to coagulate when bleeding. This situation may also appear in their offspring. This is a trait controlled by genes.

(1)(3) is incorrect. Relative traits refer to different manifestations of the same trait in the same species of organisms, such as double eyelids and single eyelids in humans, red and pink colors of roses, etc.

(2 pairs. (4) Yes. Traits controlled by genes are heritable.

(5) Wheat grains on the same ear are planted in fertile soil and poor soil respectively. The former is larger than the latter. This is because the genes that control the size of wheat grains have changed.

(5) Wrong. Different environmental conditions can cause differences in traits. For example, some recessive genes in corn (for example, one pair is aa) prevent the formation of chloroplasts in the leaves, resulting in albino seedlings. Its dominant gene A controls the formation of chloroplasts. If a seed with the AA gene germinates in a dark place without light, the seedlings will be albino; ​​if they germinate under light, the seedlings will be green. It can be seen that individuals with the same genotype can develop different phenotypes under different conditions.

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For more information about the PPT courseware "Heredity and Variation of Organisms, Genes Control the Characteristics of Organisms", please click the Inheritance and Variation of Organisms ppt, Genes Control the Characteristics of Organisms ppt tag.

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Update Time: 2024-09-06

This template belongs to biology courseware People's Education Edition Biology for Grade 8, Volume 2 industry PPT template

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