"The Pump that Transports Blood - Heart" Transport of Materials in the Human Body PPT Courseware 5

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"The Pump that Transports Blood - Heart" Transport of Materials in the Human Body PPT Courseware 5

1. Structure and function of the heart

Observe and think:

Observe the human heart model. Since the structure of the heart of a pig or sheep is basically the same as that of a human heart, the structure of the human heart can be understood by observing the heart of a pig or sheep.

1. Place a fresh pig or sheep heart on the dissecting plate as shown in the picture on the right. First observe the shape of the heart, then pinch the atrial wall and ventricular wall with your hands to compare the thickness of the atrial wall and ventricular wall.

Determine the thickness of the heart wall: pinch with your hands

The heart wall is primarily made of muscle tissue.

Judgment of heart position:

1. Judgment of upper and lower ends: the apex of the heart is the lower end, and the end of the blood vessels is the upper end.

2. Judgment of left and right sides: the apex of the heart is deviated to the left side, and the apex of the heart is deviated to the right side.

What are the functions of arteries and veins?

Arteries Blood vessels that carry blood from the heart to various parts of the body.

Veins Blood vessels that carry blood from various parts of the body back to the heart.

How thick is the heart wall?

The heart wall is thinner above and thicker below; the left side is thicker than the right side

The walls of the atria are thin and the walls of the ventricles are thick.

The left ventricular wall is thicker than the right ventricular wall.

The thicker the heart wall and the more muscular it is, the more powerful it can contract and relax.

What is the function of the valves between the atria and ventricles, and between the ventricles and arteries?

These valves can open and close, controlling the direction of blood flow.

The atrioventricular valves open toward the ventricles, ensuring that blood can only flow from the atria to the ventricles.

The aortic valve opens toward the artery to ensure that blood can only flow from the ventricle to the artery and not back.

Between the atria and ventricles, and between the ventricles and arteries, there are valves that can open and close. These valves can only open in one direction: the atrioventricular valves can only open in one direction: the atrioventricular valves can only open toward the ventricles, and the aortic valves can only open toward the arteries. This ensures that blood can flow in a certain direction, that is, it can only flow from the atria to the ventricles, and from the ventricles to the arteries. And cannot flow backwards.

2. Pathways of blood circulation

Blood circulation: The circulation of blood through the heart and all blood vessels.

According to the different blood circulation pathways of the human body, blood circulation can be divided into two parts: systemic circulation and pulmonary circulation.

Systemic circulation and pulmonary circulation occur simultaneously.

Can you differentiate between arterial blood and venous blood?

In the systemic circulation, blood changes from arterial blood, which is rich in oxygen, and bright red in color, to venous blood, which is low in oxygen and dark red in color.

In the pulmonary circulation, the blood changes from venous blood with less oxygen and dark red color to arterial blood with rich oxygen content and bright red color.

cardiac output

Heart rate: The number of times the heart beats per minute. About 75 times/minute.

Stroke volume: The amount of blood output by the heart per beat. Approximately 70ml for healthy adults and 120ml for athletes.

Minute output (cardiac output): The total amount of blood output by the heart per minute.

Output per minute = heart rate × output per stroke

blood pressure

Blood pressure: refers to the lateral pressure of blood on the blood vessel wall.

Measurement site: Brachial artery of upper arm

Measuring instrument: mercury sphygmomanometer

Systolic blood pressure: The highest value that arterial blood pressure reaches when the heart contracts is called systolic blood pressure.

Diastolic blood pressure: The lowest value to which arterial blood pressure drops when the heart relaxes is called diastolic blood pressure.

Class exercises

1. The blood flowing through the aorta is (), the blood flowing through the pulmonary artery is (), the blood flowing through the superior and inferior vena cava is (), and the blood flowing through the pulmonary veins is ().

A. Arterial blood B. Venous blood

2. The blood vessels returning to the left atrium are (), and the blood vessels returning to the right atrium are ().

A. Aorta B. Pulmonary artery

C. Pulmonary veins D. Superior and inferior vena cava

3. Some people say: "Arterial blood flows in arteries, and venous blood flows in veins." Is this statement correct? Why?

Incorrect. The pulmonary artery flows not arterial blood, but venous blood.

4. Regardless of systemic circulation or pulmonary circulation, what rules does the direction of blood flow follow?

Ventricles → arteries → capillaries → veins → atrium

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Update Time: 2024-11-22

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