"Basic Methods of Neuromodulation" Regulation of Human Life Activities PPT Courseware 2

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"Basic Methods of Neuromodulation" Regulation of Human Life Activities PPT Courseware 2

1. The coordination of various parts of the human body mainly depends on the regulation of the nervous system.

2. The nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord and the nerves they send out. The brain, spinal cord and spinal cord are the central parts of the nervous system and constitute the central nervous system. The cranial nerves and spinal nerves are the peripheral parts of the nervous system and constitute the peripheral nervous system. The nervous system can be divided into two parts: the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.

3. The brain is divided into three parts: cerebrum, cerebellum and brainstem. The brain includes the left and right cerebral hemispheres. The surface is the cerebral cortex. There are about 14 billion nerve cells with various nerve centers such as sensory, motor, and language. The unique nerve center of the brain is the language center. The role of the cerebellum is to make movements coordinated and accurate, and to maintain body balance.

Talk about feelings

1. How would you react when your hand suddenly touches something very hot?

2. When an object suddenly appears in front of your eyes, how will you react?

knee jerk reflex

Method steps

Every two students are paired up, and the two students take turns to conduct the experiment.

1. As a subject, a classmate sits on a chair with one leg on the ground and the other leg resting naturally on this leg.

2. Another student uses the inner edge of his palm to quickly tap the ligament below the knee of the upper leg of the subject, and observe the reaction of this leg.

Please note when doing experiments:

(1) Percussion site: ligament below the knee.

(2) Tapping timing: The subject was relaxed and not paying attention.

(3) Tapping power: It does not have to be very big, but the speed must be fast.

Discussion and Analysis

1. What is the reaction of the calf when the ligament is tapped? Is this reaction innate or does it develop gradually in daily life?

When the ligament is tapped, the calf suddenly jumps up with the knee as the axis - and stretches forward rapidly. This reflex occurs in very young children and is innate.

2. Is the knee jerk reflex controlled by the brain? Why?

The knee jerk reflex is too late to think. The relevant nerve center is in the spinal cord, so it is not controlled by the brain. However, when the knee jerk reflex is completed, the nerves in the spinal cord leading to the brain will transmit this nerve impulse to the brain, making the person feel that the knee is tapped.

What is reflection?

The regular response of the human body to various external or internal stimuli through the nervous system is called reflex.

The basic mode of neuromodulation is reflex.

The structural basis of reflection is the reflex arc.

Apply what you learn

1. The basic method of neuromodulation is ( )

A. Excitation B. Inhibition C. Reflex D. Movement

2. The nerve center of the knee jerk reflex is located in ( )

A. Cerebral cortex B. Cerebellum C. Spinal cord D. Brainstem

3. The neural structure that completes the reflex is ( )

A. Neuron B. Nerve fiber C. Spinal cord D. Reflex arc

4. The relationship between reflection and reflection arc is ( )

A. As long as the reflex arc is complete, reflex activity must occur.

B. The completion of reflex activities must be achieved through reflex arcs.

C. Reflex activities can be achieved without reflex arcs.

D. Reflection and reflection arc are completely consistent in nature.

1. Fill in the blanks

1. The basic way of nerve regulation is ________, which refers to the human body’s ________ response to various external or internal _________ through the ________ nervous system.

2. A reflex arc is a ________ of reflection.

1. Which of the following statements does not belong to reflection ( )

A. Retract your hand immediately after being burned B. Zebra escapes from the lion’s pursuit

C. When it rains, quickly seek shelter from the rain. D. Paramecium escapes from harmful stimuli.

2. When doing the knee jerk reflex test, tap the student’s face quickly and correctly ( )

A. Knee B. Inferior knee ligament C. Calf D. Thigh

3. Among the following phenomena, the reflection that is unique to humans is ( )

A. Eating meat and salivating B. Sucking breast milk

C. Saliva when seeing sour plums. D. Laughing when hearing cross talk.

4. Among the following physiological phenomena, the reflex that is simple and innate is ( )

A. Sea lions secrete saliva when they hear the keeper’s footsteps.

B. The students heard the bell and ran into the classroom

C. The driver saw the red light and stopped.

D. Wind and sand blow into the eyes, resulting in tears.

2. Choice

1. Which of the following statements does not belong to reflection ( )

A. Retract your hand immediately after being burned B. Zebra escapes from the lion’s pursuit

C. When it rains, quickly seek shelter from the rain. D. Paramecium escapes from harmful stimuli.

2. When doing the knee jerk reflex test, tap the student’s face quickly and correctly ( )

A. Knee B. Inferior knee ligament C. Calf D. Thigh

3. Among the following reflection activities, the one that is the same as the reflection type "talking about tiger color change" is ( )

A. Sour orange enters the mouth and secretes saliva B. Human hand withdrawal reflex

C. The wonderful pantomime made the audience laugh. D. People will move when bitten by mosquitoes while sleeping.

4. In a reflex arc with muscles as effectors, if the efferent nerves are damaged but other parts are normal, the receptors will behave as ( ) after being stimulated

A. There is both feeling and movement;

B. Loss of feeling and no muscle contraction response;

C. There is feeling, but there is no muscle contraction response

D. Lost feeling, but can move

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Update Time: 2024-10-03

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