"The Relationship between Organisms and the Environment" Understanding the Biosphere PPT Courseware 3

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"The Relationship between Organisms and the Environment" Understanding the Biosphere PPT Courseware 3

Think about it, discuss it

my country's rare animal, the giant panda, is loved by people all over the world. Do you know where giant pandas live in the wild are mainly distributed? What are the characteristics of these areas that are suitable for giant pandas?

Giant pandas living in the wild are mainly distributed in western and northern Sichuan, southern Gansu, eastern Tibet and southwestern Shaanxi.

Giant pandas feed on arrow bamboo, etc., and have a single diet. The environment in these areas is suitable for giant pandas to live mainly because they have bamboo plants and water sources.

1. Ecological factors in the environment

1. Ecological factors: factors in the environment that affect the life and distribution of organisms.

2. Ecological factors can be divided into abiotic factors and biotic factors.

Abiotic factors mainly include sunlight, water, temperature, soil, air, etc.

Biological factors: refer to other organisms that affect the life of a certain organism.

Why fertilize crops? What abiotic factors does this indicate that crops are affected by?

The growth of crops requires the absorption of large amounts of nutrients from the soil, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, etc. Due to farming every year, while people harvest a large amount of agricultural products, they also take away a lot of these nutrients from the soil, making the soil impoverished. Therefore, in order to ensure the continued production of agricultural products, crops must be fertilized.

Fertilizing crops shows that the growth of crops is also affected by abiotic factors such as inorganic salts in the soil.

Exploring the impact of light on the lives of rat women

1. Ask the question: Will light affect the distribution of rat females?

2. Make a hypothesis: Light will affect the distribution of rat females

3. Make a plan: Determine the experimental research plan

4. Implementation plan: experimental exploration and obtaining experimental data

5. Draw conclusions: analyze experimental data and obtain conclusions

6. Expression and communication

①Discover the problem: The rat bug, also called woodlouse, belongs to the phylum Arthropod and is a kind of crustacean. They can be found in dark, moist environments.

Asking the question: Does light affect the distribution of rat females?

②Make a hypothesis: Light will affect the distribution of rat females.

③ Design research plan: Controlled experiment: When studying the impact of a certain condition (light) on the research object (rat woman), in addition to the different conditions (light conditions, i.e., bright and dark), other conditions (temperature, Several sets of experiments that have the same humidity (humidity) are called controlled experiments.

a. Materials and tools: b. Experimental device: c. Method steps:

think:

1. What factors affect rat women in the experiment? How do you ensure that the differences in experimental results are only caused by the variables you determined?

light, temperature, moisture

The use of controlled experiments can ensure that except for the factors under study, other factors are the same, so that the difference in experimental results can only be caused by a single variable.

2. Why use 10 rat women for the experiment? Is it okay to just use one?

If you use one rat to do the experiment, the results are very random and are not enough to explain the problem; using 10 can reduce the error.

3. Why should we calculate the average of each group in the class?

Can reduce errors

3. Adaptation and impact of organisms on the environment

In nature, organisms are affected by many organisms, so organisms must adapt to the environment in order to survive. While organisms adapt to the environment, they also affect and change the environment.

1. How do camels and camel thorns adapt to water-scarce environments? How do seals adapt to cold environments?

Camels urinate less and sweat less, which can reduce the consumption of water in the body and adapt to the water-scarce environment. In addition, camels can drink a large amount of water at one time and store water in their stomachs, which is also an adaptation to a water-scarce environment.

The root system of camel thorn is very developed, which can absorb more water; its above-ground part of the plant is short, which can reduce the loss of water.

The seal's subcutaneous fat is very thick and has a thermal insulation effect, which is an adaptation to the cold environment.

2. How do earthworms affect and change the soil environment?

Earthworms drill around in the soil, which can loosen the soil and increase the air permeability of the soil. In addition, earthworms eat the soil, and the vermicompost excreted can increase the fertility of the soil, improve the soil's aggregate structure, and is beneficial to the growth of plants.

exercise training

1. Fish must live in water and will die if left for a period of time. The most appropriate explanation for this is ( )

A. Organisms influence the environment B. Organisms adapt to the environment

C. Organisms change the environment D. Organisms depend on the environment

2. When two kinds of paramecium, large and small, are cultured separately, they can grow normally. However, when the two are cultured together, after 16 days, one of them all dies, while the other still grows normally. This phenomenon belongs to ( )

A. Cooperation B. Predation C. Competition D. Parasitism

3. "The mantis stalks the cicada, but the oriole follows" describes ( )

A. Cooperation B. Food web C. Predation D. Competition

4. Which of the following ecological factors is not abiotic factors ( )

A. Sunshine, temperature B. Air, temperature

C. Moisture, soil D. Pollen, viruses

5. When conducting experimental research, in order to enhance the persuasiveness of the experiment, it should generally be designed at the same time ( )

A. Group experiment B. Repeat experiment

C. Independent experiment D. Controlled experiment

6. Mold was found growing on the mushroom culture medium. The relationship between mushrooms and mold is ()

A. Mutualistic symbiosis b. intraspecific struggle

C. Competitive relationship D. parasitic relationship

after class homework

1. Decide whether the following statements are correct. Draw "√" for correct ones and "×" for wrong ones.

(1) The environment of living things refers to the place where living things live. ( )

(2) The only abiotic factors are sunlight, temperature and water. ( )

(3) Living things are both affected by the environment and can also affect the environment. ( )

(4) There is only a competitive relationship between individuals of the same species. ( )

2. "The beauty of April in the world is gone, and the peach blossoms in the mountain temple are beginning to bloom." Can you provide a scientific explanation for the natural phenomenon described in this poem?

This poem describes the effect of temperature on plant growth. Due to the relatively low temperatures in the mountains during the same season, peach trees grow slowly. The peach blossoms growing in the plains have already withered in April, while the peach blossoms in the mountains have just bloomed.

3. “Cows like to eat clover; clover depends on bumblebees for pollination; voles eat the honey and larvae of bumblebees and destroy their nests; cats prey on voles, so cattle farmers like to keep cats.” This is a creature described by Darwin. The relationship between. (1) Please use a diagram to show the relationship between the above organisms. (2) If there are fewer cats, what impact will it have on the clover?

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Update Time: 2024-10-05

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