"The Life of Cells" Cells are the basic units of life activities PPT courseware 7

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"The Life of Cells" Cells are the basic units of life activities PPT courseware 7

Think about it, discuss it

Try making your own guesses!

(1) Sterile and non-toxic environment

(2) Nutrient (synthetic culture medium)

(3) Suitable temperature and pH value

(4) Suitable gas environment (oxygen and carbon dioxide), etc.

To the culture flask should be added:

Glucose, amino acids, inorganic salts, vitamins and animal serum, etc.

By studying this section, you will know:

1. How do cells obtain matter and energy from the outside world? In this process, what are the roles of the cell membrane, chloroplasts and mitochondria?

2. What is the main function of the cell nucleus?

1 Cell life requires matter and energy

1. Classification of substances in cells

Inorganic substances: generally do not contain carbon and have relatively small molecules

Such as: water, oxygen, inorganic salts

Organic matter: generally contains carbon and has relatively large molecules

Such as: carbohydrates, fats, proteins and nucleic acids

2. The cell membrane can control the entry and exit of substances.

(1) The cell membrane separates the inside of the cell from the external environment, allowing the cell to have a relatively stable internal environment.

(2) The cell membrane has a structure suitable for transporting substances, allowing substances needed for cell life to enter the cell, while keeping some substances out of the cell.

3. Food not only provides materials to build our bodies, but also provides energy to our bodies.

4. Cell energy and its conversion

(1) Energy has different forms and can be converted from one form to another.

(2) Chloroplasts and mitochondria are both energy converters in cells.

①Pigments in chloroplasts can absorb light energy. Chloroplasts can convert light energy into chemical energy and store the chemical energy in the sugars and other organic matter they produce.

② Mitochondria can cause some organic matter in cells to release the chemical energy stored in them through complex changes for cells to use.

2. The cell nucleus is the control center

1. The meaning of genetic information

Our life begins with a single cell - a fertilized egg. The fertilized egg contains all the information that guides human development. This information is passed down from the parents, so it is called genetic information.

functions of genetic information

Pass various characteristics of parents to offspring to ensure the continuation of biological species

The nucleus controls the development and inheritance of organisms.

2. Data analysis: Dolly the sheep’s life experience

Discussion: Why does Dolly look like neither Sheep C nor Sheep A, but very similar to Sheep B?

Dolly develops from a special cell. This cell is composed of the egg cell membrane and cytoplasm of sheep A and the nucleus of the mammary gland cell of sheep B. What is moved into the uterus of sheep C is a small embryo developed from this cell.

As a result, Dolly's appearance is very similar to Sheep B, which just shows that the material that controls biological development and inheritance is in the nucleus of the cell.

It is not said here that Dolly is exactly the same as Sheep B, but it is said that they are very similar. Because the cytoplasm also contains a small amount of genetic material, Dolly has a small number of traits similar to Sheep A.

3. The genetic material in the cell nucleus—DNA

Function: Mainly found in the nucleus, DNA contains all the information about biological development

Structural characteristics: It is a kind of deoxyribonucleic acid, a double helix structure composed of two long chains.

practise:

1. The following substances in cells have relatively large molecules and are classified as organic matter ( )

①Water ②Carbohydrates ③Protein ④Inorganic salts ⑤Nucleic acid ⑥Lipid ⑦ Oxygen

A. ① ② ③ ④ B. ⑤ ⑥ ⑦

C. ② ③ ⑤ ⑥ D. ① ④ ⑦

2. The concentration of iodine accumulated in the cells of kelp living in seawater is many times higher than that in seawater, and kelp cells can still absorb iodine from seawater. This fact can explain the ( ) of kelp cells

A. The cell wall has the function of adsorbing iodine

B. Iodine can be produced in the cytoplasm

C. The cell membrane can control the entry and exit of substances.

D. The cell wall has a protective and supportive role

3. Which of the following statements about energy conversion is incorrect ( )

A. Chloroplasts and mitochondria in cells are both energy converters.

B. Chloroplasts in plant cells can convert light energy into chemical energy and store it in the organic matter they produce.

C. Mitochondria in cells can break down organic matter and release the chemical energy in the organic matter.

D. The energy needed by living things ultimately comes from the cells of green plants.

4. The genetic material of Dolly the cloned sheep mainly comes from ( )

A. Egg donor ewe B. Pregnant ewe

C. Nuclear donor ewe D. Nuclear egg cell

5. Which of the following statements about DNA is incorrect ( )

A. DNA molecules are double-stranded

B. DNA is an organic substance

C. DNA contains all the information that guides biological development.

D. DNA branches are found in the nucleus and are therefore very short.

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Update Time: 2024-09-03

This template belongs to biology courseware People's Education Edition seventh grade biology volume 1 industry PPT template

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