"Middle Eurasian Civilizations" World Ancient History PPT Courseware

Description

"Middle Eurasian Civilizations" World Ancient History PPT Courseware

content standards

1. Understand the basic contents of Dahua reform.

2. Take Charles Martel's reforms and Pepin's land donation as examples to understand the characteristics of the feudal hierarchy in Western Europe and the status of the Holy See.

3. By telling the story of the Langcheng Uprising, understand the historical significance of the rise of Western European cities.

4. Tell the story of the fall of Constantinople and explore the reasons for the decline of the Byzantine Empire.

Textbook analysis

1. Japan Dahua Renovation

2. Feudal hierarchy in Western Europe

3. The rise of cities in Western Europe

4. The Fall of Constantinople

1. Japan Dahua Renovation

Around the 1st century BC, slave states began to appear. Later, the slave country Yamato emerged, and then Yamato continued to conquer and expand, and unified Japan in the 5th century...

Read the following materials:

Material 1: During the early Tang Dynasty (i.e., the Zhenguan period), Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty adjusted his ruling policies and implemented the three provinces and six ministries system, the system of taxation and imperial examination, and the imperial examination system. This reduces the burden on farmers, ensures production time, and brings prosperity to the social economy. Cultural and educational undertakings also developed rapidly, many famous literati and literary and artistic works appeared, and culture flourished. During the Zhenguan period, due to political clarity, the economy developed, culture flourished, and national power gradually became stronger. It was called the "Government of Zhenguan" in history.

Material 2: In the 7th century, Japan was in a slave society, and class conflicts were very acute. The hereditary nobles owned a large amount of land, slaves and tribesmen, and were very powerful. The local nobles rebelled against the central nobles, and the political situation was very chaotic.

(1) Background: Various conflicts are acute and the political situation is chaotic.

(2) Content

①Politics: Established the capital and local administrative agencies, broke the hereditary privileges of family nobles, and established a centralized system with the emperor as the center.

②Economy: All land will be returned to the state. The government divides state-owned land into certain areas and grants it to farmers. Land is not allowed to be bought or sold and will be returned after death.

(3) Function

It is a symbol of Japan's transition from slave society to feudal society.

Looking back at the relevant contents of ancient Chinese history, think about when did Sino-Japanese exchanges begin? In what dynasty did the envoys from both sides have close exchanges? What was the reason for the close relationship at that time?

The golden seal of the Han-Japanese slave king

In 57 AD, Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty of China bestowed

Discovered in Shiga Island, Japan in 1784

China and Japan have a history of friendly exchanges. But in modern times, China became the target of Japanese aggression and plunder. Instead of reflecting on this period of history, Japan now does many things that hurt the feelings of the Chinese people. Please use historical facts to write a letter of admonition to the Japanese government.

historical inspiration

Japan is an island country with limited land and scarce resources, but it has become the second largest economic country in the world today. What inspiration can you get from ancient Japanese history?

The Japanese nation is very good at taking the culture of other nations and turning it into a culture with its own characteristics. Japan learned from China in ancient times and from the West in modern times. These have enabled Japan to continue to progress and become stronger, becoming the second largest economic power in the world today. Learning from the strengths of others and overcoming our own shortcomings is also a virtue of the Chinese nation. We should carry it forward and be good at learning.

2. Feudal hierarchy in Western Europe

(1) The establishment of the Frankish Kingdom

(2) Feudal hierarchy in Western Europe

Main content: The relationship between feudal lords and vassals with land as the link.

The relationship between lord and vassal: The relationship between superiors and subordinates at each level is that of lord and vassal, and they are all subordinate relationships. The feudal master protected the vassal, and the vassal swore allegiance to the feudal master, paid tribute, and was called upon to fight in war.

(3) The formation of the feudal hierarchy in Western Europe

Characteristics of the feudal hierarchy in Western Europe: Level-by-level protection and responsibility between feudal lords and vassals

After the formation of the feudal hierarchy in Western Europe, a situation emerged where "the lord's lord is not my lord" and "the vassal's vassal is not my vassal". Tell me about your understanding of this phenomenon.

After the feudal system in Western Europe was established, land was the main wealth. The king entrusted the land to the big feudal lords, and the big feudal lords gave the land to the small feudal lords. The king, feudal lords and the Christian church established a pyramid-like feudal hierarchy in which each other was master and slave through layers of enfeoffment. However, vassals were only loyal to the immediate lord and did not have any obligations to other lords, including higher-ranking lords. For example: the king is the largest feudal lord, and his power is limited to his own territory. He does not even have the authority to govern a small feudal lord that is not directly subordinate to him.

3. The rise of cities in Western Europe

A proverb from medieval Europe: "The air of the city makes you free."

In the 10th century, cities as centers of handicrafts and commerce began to appear in Western Europe. In the 11th century, it generally rose. As Engels said, cities are like "medieval flowers" blooming everywhere. The most famous cities include Venice, Genoa, and Florence in Italy, Paris in France, and London in the United Kingdom.

Classroom training

1. (2010·Zigong Academic Examination) The combination of imitation and innovation is a major characteristic of the Japanese nation, which is mainly reflected in "Chinese" and "Europeanization". Among them, "Chinese" refers to ( )

A. "Code of Hammurabi" B. Dahua reform

C. Slave-owning democracy D. Caste System

2. (2010 Rizhao Academic Examination) stipulates the establishment of an imperial feudal state, the nationalization of noble land, and the conversion of tribesmen into national citizens ( )

A. Charles Martel's Reforms B. Dahua reform

C. Serfdom reform D. the Meiji Reform

3. (2010·Yueyang Academic Examination) The basis for the formation of the feudal hierarchy in Western Europe is ( )

A. The establishment of the Roman Republic B. The expansion of the Roman Empire

C. Alexander’s expedition D. Charles Martel’s reforms

4. (2010·Yancheng High School Entrance Examination) Regarding the expression of the relationship between the various classes in the schematic diagram of the Western European feudal hierarchy on the right, the correct statement is ( )

A. All feudal lords, large and small, were direct vassals of the emperor.

B. Small feudal lords paid allegiance to the emperor through labor and farming.

C. The relationship between feudal lords, large and small, constituted the relationship between lord and vassal.

D. There are no strict grade restrictions among various classes.

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For more information about the PPT courseware "Eurasian and European Civilizations in Ancient World History", please click the "Ancient Eurasian and European Civilizations in World Ancient History ppt" ppt tag.

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Update Time: 2024-10-04

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