"The First Industrial Revolution" PPT courseware on social changes in major European and American countries

Description

"The First Industrial Revolution" PPT courseware on social changes in major European and American countries

content standards

1. Tell the story of the invention of the Jenny Machine and understand that the British Industrial Revolution began with the invention of a series of working machines.

2. Know the historical facts of Watt’s improvement of steam engines, and understand the role of steam engines in large factory production.

3. Briefly describe the basic historical facts of the invention of the "Voyager" locomotive, and understand the huge impact that railways have had on human society.

Textbook analysis

1.The invention of the Jenny machine

2. Watt improved the steam engine

3. The invention of the train

4. Impact of the Industrial Revolution

1.The invention of the Jenny machine

What is the Industrial Revolution?

The Industrial Revolution was a revolution that promoted the development of handicraft industry to large-scale machine production. It was an important stage in the history of capitalist development.

According to the textbook content, analyze why the Industrial Revolution first started in Britain?

1. The establishment of British bourgeois rule opened the way for the development of capitalism.

2. The enclosure movement led to the emergence of a large number of employable labor forces.

3. Overseas trade and colonial plunder have accumulated abundant capital.

4. Demand from overseas markets.

Inventions in the field of cotton textiles

Machine: Spinning Jenny

Date of invention: 1765

Inventor: Hargreaves

Power: Manpower

Features: It can spin more than a dozen yarns at the same time, which greatly improves production efficiency. However, the yarn is thin and easy to break.

Machine: Hydro spinning machine

Inventor: Arkwright

Date of invention: 1769

Power: hydraulic

Features: The yarn spun is strong but relatively thick. This machine can be turned without human effort. After that, the first cotton spinning mill appeared in Britain, using water power to drive the spinning machine.

2. Watt’s improved steam engine

In 1705, Newcomen built the first successfully operating steam engine. Disadvantages of the Newcomen machine: too much heat waste and low efficiency;

James Watt (1736-1819) was a famous British inventor and an important figure in the Industrial Revolution. He improved the steam engine, invented the air pressure gauge and the steam-operated hammer. In order to commemorate him, later generations called the unit of power watt.

In 1769, Watt improved the steam engine based on his predecessors and obtained a patent. After more than ten years of improvement and exploration, in 1785, he made a more efficient double-action steam engine. Watt's steam engine was an epoch-making achievement in the history of science. The steam engine greatly promoted the use of machines and factory production, and brought a new leap forward in the transformation of industrial technology.

What is the significance of Watt's improved steam engine?

The emergence of the steam engine marked the beginning of mankind's mastery of the means of converting thermal energy into mechanical propulsion. This was a revolution in the history of mankind's utilization of natural energy. Humanity has since entered the "steam age".

3. The invention of the train

What is the role and significance of the emergence of trains and railways?

It shortens the distance between regions, facilitates exchanges between regions and national management, and promotes economic development.

4. Impact of the Industrial Revolution

Europe and the United States are developing at an accelerated pace; Asia, Africa, and Latin America are becoming increasingly impoverished, and at the same time the old system is under attack.

What were the impacts of the Industrial Revolution?

1. It is an epoch-making change in production technology, which greatly improves social productivity.

2. Directly led to the emergence of factory and enterprise forms, promoted the prosperity of cities and the growth of urban population.

3. Major capitalist countries such as Britain, France, and the United States became powerful industrial countries after the industrial revolution.

The impact of the Industrial Revolution on China:

At that time, the Qing Dynasty was still dreaming of "the Kingdom of Heaven". The emperor and most of his ministers were blind and ignorant. The Qing Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty, who implemented a policy of "closing the country" to the outside world, wrote to King George III of the United Kingdom: "The Celestial Empire is rich in products and has everything. It originally did not borrow foreign goods to make things easier."

As early as the Qianlong period, the British sent envoy Macartney to China to discuss trade matters. Macartney once invited General Faucan to watch his guards practice new European firearms techniques. Fu Kang'an said coldly: "You can look at it, or you can not look at it. There is nothing unusual about this firearm handling method!"

Shi Haishibei

The weaver Hargreaves invented the "Spinning Jenny". He was a craftsman who worked as a carpenter in the summer and a weaver in the winter.

Watt's father was a skilled shipbuilding equipment worker. Due to his poor family and poor health, Watt dropped out of school after receiving primary education. After a long journey of more than 20 years, a complete revolution of the steam engine was finally achieved.

Fulton, who was born into a peasant family, worked as an apprentice in a jewelry store, and later became interested in new inventions related to ship propulsion. Invented the "Clermont", the first officially used steamship.

Stephenson was born in a miner's family. He had no school education and attended night school after work and insisted on self-study. In 1814, he developed a steam locomotive and was known as the "Father of Trains".

What inspirations did you get from the above information?

Imagination world

The Industrial Revolution brought about tremendous changes in human history, but at the same time as it developed, it also caused great damage to the ecological environment. If time could go back, please make a feasible plan for the development of human society.

Classroom training

1. (2010·Dongguan Academic Examination) James Boone was a British weaving factory owner with great business acumen who lived from the 1840s to the 1890s. After 1785, he moved the factory to the transportation Convenient place. James Boone moved the factory because ( )

A. The invention of the spinning jenny B. Watt’s improved steam engine

C. The emergence of trains and ships D. The invention of the internal combustion engine

2. (2010·Dongguan Academic Examination) On December 26, 2009, the Wuhan-Guangzhou High-speed Railway was officially opened to traffic, marking my country's entry into a new era of high-speed railways. At this time we cannot forget that the inventor of the train locomotive is ( )

A. Hargreaves B. Watt

C. Edison D. Stephenson

3. (2010·Huai'an High School Entrance Examination) The iconic achievement of the Industrial Revolution was Watt's improvement of the steam engine, which brought mankind into the "steam age". The impact of this was ( )

① The productivity has developed tremendously ② The social outlook has undergone tremendous changes

③ Make capitalism finally defeat feudalism ④ Make the United States become the world's number one economic power

A.①②③ B.②③④

C.①②④ D.①③④

4. (2010·Yangzhou High School Entrance Examination) "Large factories have been built everywhere in the UK. The huge factories emitted rumbling roars, breaking the tranquility of the original medieval pastoral life, and history has entered a new era." Here "new era" refers to ( )

A.Steam Age B.Electrical Age

C. Information age D. Biological age

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Update Time: 2024-07-06

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