"The Second Opium War" PPT courseware on the invasion of China by foreign powers and the survival of the nation during the late Qing Dynasty

Description

"The Second Opium War" PPT courseware on the invasion of China by foreign powers and the survival of the nation during the late Qing Dynasty

Situation import

What serious consequences did the signing of the Treaty of Nanjing bring to China during the First Opium War? Do the great powers satisfy their vested interests?

Due to the signing of the Treaty of Nanjing, China's territory was ceded, its property was plundered, and its sovereignty was trampled on, and it began to become a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society.

However, the greedy desires of capitalist countries such as Britain and France have not been satisfied. In order to further open up the Chinese market and expand their rights of aggression, they made unreasonable demands for "amendment of the treaty". After being rejected, they looked for excuses to launch a war of aggression, thereby forcing the Qing government to submit.

Because this war was a continuation of the Opium War, it was called the Second Opium War in history.

Smoke rises again

background:

1. After the First Opium War, the rulers of the Qing Dynasty did not pay enough attention and vigilance to the Western powers, thinking that the Treaty of Nanjing could bring permanent peace to the country.

2. Western powers are not satisfied with the rights and interests they have seized in China, and are planning to expand them.

Trigger: "Yalo" incident

In October 1856, the Guangzhou Navy seized the British-flagged smuggling ship Yarrow. Britain demanded the release of the crew and an apology. Ye Mingchen released the crew but did not apologize. Britain used this as an excuse to launch the Second Opium War.

Invading countries: Britain, France, the United States, and Russia

Purpose: Expand the rights of aggression in the Opium War

Process: The British used the "Yalor" incident as an excuse to bombard Guangzhou;

France took advantage of the chaos to create an excuse to join the war and form an Anglo-French coalition;

After the war broke out, the United States and Russia joined the war in the name of mediation

Result: Faced with the advancing powers, the Qing government compromised, negotiated peace, and signed the Treaty of Tianjin with Britain, France, the United States, and Russia.

Treaty of Tianjin

1. Ministers from various countries stationed in Beijing;

At that time, the diplomatic relations between China and the West were unequal, which was conducive to the influence (surveillance and manipulation) of the great powers on China's central and local governments.

2. Open ten more treaty ports;

The treaty ports extended from the southeastern coast to the Yangtze River Basin, and foreign forces penetrated deeply into the interior and spread across the north and south, which was conducive to the economic aggression of the great powers, especially the dumping of goods.

3. Foreigners can travel, trade and preach in the mainland;

It opens the door for foreign military aggression, commercial expansion, religious spread, espionage, etc. in China; the regulations on missionary work in the mainland have become a talisman for foreign missionaries to carry out illegal activities in the mainland.

4. Pay compensation of 4 million and 2 million taels of silver to Britain and France respectively;

It increased the financial burden of the Qing government, especially the people.

Please talk about the impact of the Second Opium War.

Politically:

China has lost large areas of territory and sovereignty

Chinese and foreign reactionary forces openly colluded to suppress the resistance of the Chinese people.

Economically:

Foreign forces extend from the coastal provinces to the interior, making it easier for them to dump goods and plunder raw materials and labor.

The degree of semi-colonial and semi-feudal society in Chinese society has deepened.

Why is it said that the war of 1856-1860 was the continuation and expansion of the Opium War?

The Second Opium War was a continuation and expansion of the first

Purpose:

First time: opening up the Chinese market

The second time: further opening up the Chinese market

Method: Wage war, conquer by force

Impact: In terms of space, rights, etc., the second time is more than the first

Please compare the similarities and differences between the two Opium Wars.

Same point

1. Background: They all happened in China’s corrupt and backward country

2. Initiator: All are British

3. Fundamental reason: opening up the Chinese market

4. Purpose: Turn China into a sales market and source of raw materials

5. Means: armed invasion

6. Nature: Unjust war of aggression

7. Result: China was defeated and forced to sign an unequal treaty

8. Impact: Increasingly becoming a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society

difference

1. The domestic situation is different: the Second Opium War occurred during the Chinese Civil War (Taiping Rebellion)

2. The number of aggressor countries increased: the first time was Britain, and the second time was Britain, France, the United States, and Russia.

3. Scale: The second time involved more countries, took longer (4 years), had a wider scope, and was more destructive.

4. Harm: The second harm was greater (China lost a lot of land; the Old Summer Palace was burned; the aggressive forces of the great powers entered the mainland)

Summary of this lesson

Time: 1856-1860

Purpose: further open up the Chinese market

Method: Wage war, conquer by force

Atrocities: British and French forces burned the Old Summer Palace

Result: Signing of a series of unequal treaties such as the Treaty of Tianjin

Impact: Deepening the degree of semi-colonial and semi-feudal society in Chinese society

Class exercises

1. The fundamental purpose of Britain and France launching the Second Opium War was ( )

A. Foreign aggressors must safeguard their interests in China.

B. The Taiping Rebellion endangered the invaders’ interests in China.

C. Help the Qing government suppress the Taiping Rebellion.

D. It is necessary to further open the Chinese market and expand the rights of aggression.

2. The time and mark of the beginning and end of the Second Opium War are ( )

A. The British army blocked the Pearl River Estuary in 1840 - the Treaty of Nanjing was signed in 1842

B. The British bombarded Guangzhou in 1856 - the Treaty of Tianjin was signed in 1858

C. The British and French forces captured Guangzhou in 1857 - the Treaty of Beijing was signed in 1860

D. British bombardment of Guangzhou in 1856 - signing of the Treaty of Beijing in 1860

3. During the Second Opium War, the area of ​​Chinese territory occupied by Russia was ( )

A. More than 600,000 square kilometers B. 400,000 square kilometers

C. More than 1 million square kilometers D. More than 1.5 million square kilometers

4. During the Second Opium War, the unequal treaties the Qing government was forced to sign did not include ( )

A. "Treaty of Tianjin" B. "Treaty of Aihun between China and Russia"

C. Treaty of Beijing D. Treaty between China and Russia on the Demarcation of the Northwest Boundary

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For more information about the PPT courseware "The Second Opium War, the Invasion of China by Great Powers and the Preservation of the Nation's Salvation in the Late Qing Dynasty", please click the ppt tag of "The Second Opium War ppt, the Great Power's Invasion of China and the Preservation of the National Salvation in the Late Qing Dynasty".

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Update Time: 2024-11-06

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