"Westernization Movement and Private Industry" PPT courseware on the preservation of national salvation plans during the invasion of China by foreign powers and the late Qing Dynasty

Description

"Westernization Movement and Private Industry" PPT courseware on the preservation of national salvation plans during the invasion of China by foreign powers and the late Qing Dynasty

Situation import

Westernization Movement

The Westernization Movement refers to the period from the 1860s to the 1890s when some officials in the Qing government, under the banner of "self-improvement" and "seeking wealth", adopted advanced Western production technology to establish modern military industries, civilian industries, and create a modern navy. and new-style schools, a self-rescue movement in an attempt to get rid of internal and external troubles and maintain the feudal rule of the Qing government.

The rise of the Westernization Movement

Westernization: all foreign-related affairs

Westernizationists: Some enlightened officials within the Qing Dynasty ruling group who advocated using advanced Western production technology to strengthen the army and enrich the country, get rid of difficulties, and maintain the rule of the Qing Dynasty.

1. Background of the Westernization Movement

Internal Troubles: Taiping Rebellion

Foreign invasion: Opium War

2. The purpose of the Westernization Movement

Maintain the rule of the Qing Dynasty

“Self-improvement” and “seeking wealth”

The process and content of the Westernization Movement (1860s to 1890s)

"Self-improvement" - "Training weapons and making weapons"

Focus on developing military industry

"Seeking wealth"

Focus on developing civil industry

main content:

① Under the banner of "self-improvement", establish a modern military industry and enhance military strength - "government-run", feudal yamen-style management.

② Under the banner of "seeking wealth", establish modern civilian industry, solve the difficulties of military industry, and resist foreign capitalist economic aggression - "official supervision and business management".

③ Create a modern navy, rectify coastal defense, and enhance military strength.

④ Establish new schools, send overseas students, and cultivate Westernization talents.

Evaluation of the Westernization Movement

Ending: The annihilation of the Beiyang Fleet in the Sino-Japanese War of 1898 was a symbol, declaring the failure of the Westernization Movement. It did not put China on the road to prosperity.

Reasons: ① The Westernization Movement aimed to maintain the decadent autocratic rule of the Qing Dynasty; (fundamental reason)

② Westernization enterprises lack scientific overall planning, their operation and management have an obvious bureaucratic style, and there is serious corruption and waste.

Limitations: The subjective purpose of the Westernizationists was to maintain feudal rule, not to lead China to capitalism.

Progressiveness: On the one hand, the Westernization Movement introduced advanced Western science and technology, allowing the first batch of modern enterprises to appear in China;

On the other hand, the Westernization Movement accumulated production experience and cultivated technical strength for modern Chinese enterprises. Objectively, it promoted the emergence and development of Chinese national capitalism and opened the way for China's modernization.

A difficult start for private industry

Time: 1860s and 1970s

Background: The Westernization Movement is ongoing

Features: Use of machine production and employment labor

Main ingredients: private capitalists

Slogan: Industry saves the country

Think about it: What are the characteristics of the distribution of these private enterprises? Why does it show such characteristics?

hint:

①Shanghai and Foshan are both coastal cities.

② Combined with the treaty ports that China was forced to open in a series of treaties signed after the Opium War, private enterprises have to rely on foreign countries for their machinery, equipment and technical personnel.

③Convenient transportation is the guarantee of industrial production.

Favorable conditions for the development of national industry:

①The Qing government in our country relaxed restrictions on private factories.

②At the beginning of the 20th century, the First World War broke out, and the great powers had no time to look around.

Unfavorable factors hindering the development of national industry:

①Technological blockade and product squeeze by foreign invaders

②Restrictions from domestic policies and blackmail from local officials

Course summary

Background: internal and external troubles

Time: 1860s to 1990s

Purpose: To maintain the feudal rule of the Qing Dynasty

Representative figures:

Center: Yi�

Place: Zeng Guofan, Li Hongzhang

content

Establishing a military industry - "self-improvement"

Establishing civilian industries - "seeking wealth"

Create a modern navy

Establish a new school

Evaluation: The Westernization Movement—the beginning of China’s modernization

Classroom training

After the Opium War, China began to degenerate into a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society. Subsequently, the socio-economic structure underwent tremendous changes. The figure below reflects the development and change process of China's five economic forces in modern times. Please read the picture carefully and answer related questions:

(1) Based on the development trends of the five curves in the above figure, determine which five economic forms they represent? Analyze the characteristics of China's social economy in the early modern period.

Economic form: Curve ① represents the feudal natural economy; curve ② represents the Westernization economy; curve ③ represents the national capitalist economy; curve ④ represents the foreign capitalist economy; curve ⑤ represents the bureaucratic capitalist economy.

Characteristics: The feudal natural economy is the mainstay, and various economic forms coexist; the feudal economy gradually declines, and the capitalist economy gradually grows and grows.

(2) Combined with the background of the times and the changes in curve ④, analyze the reasons for the rapid development of the economic form represented by curve ③ in the second decade of the 20th century. During this period, what does the staggered trend of curves ③ and ④ indicate?

Reasons: During World War I, imperialism temporarily relaxed its economic aggression against China; the role of the Revolution of 1911; the advocacy of people of insight, "industry to save the country" became a trend of thought; the rise of the people's anti-imperialist struggle.

Chinese national capitalism, which emerged in a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, struggled to develop under the dual oppression of domestic feudal forces and foreign capitalism. But as a representative of modern China's advanced productive forces, it has tenacious vitality.

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"Westernization Movement and Private Industry" National Salvation Plan during the Invasion of China by Great Powers and the Late Qing Dynasty PPT Courseware 2:

"Westernization Movement and Private Industry" The invasion of China by foreign powers and the survival of the nation in the late Qing Dynasty PPT courseware 2 Exploration of modernization The process of Chinese people learning from the West and seeking a new way out. Economically: Westernization Movement, learning Western military industry and civilian production technology. Politically: E..

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Update Time: 2024-07-06

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