"The Reform Movement of 1898", the invasion of China by foreign powers and the salvation plan during the late Qing Dynasty PPT courseware

Description

"The Reform Movement of 1898", the invasion of China by foreign powers and the salvation plan during the late Qing Dynasty PPT courseware

Scenario import

What are the contents of the Treaty of Shimonoseki? What impact has it had on Chinese society?

Reformers

People of insight realize that technological changes alone cannot save the nation, and calls for institutional changes are growing.

Claim:

Imitate the Western political system, enlighten the people's wisdom, promote civil rights, and build a prosperous and powerful modern country.

"Writing on the bus"

Buses: During the Han Dynasty, public carriages and horses were used to transport candidates to Beijing for examinations. Later, "buses" became synonymous with candidates taking examinations in Beijing.

Background: The Treaty of Shimonoseki was signed, and China's national crisis deepened.

Time and place: April 1895, Beijing

Characters: Kang Youwei, Liang Qichao and more than 1,000 candidates who participated in the examination

Requirements: "Reject peace, move the capital, train troops, and reform"

Impact: kicked off the reform movement

Reading material: What are the main differences between the ideas of the Reformers and the Westernizers?

"China's civil and military systems are far superior to those of Westerners in everything, and firearms alone cannot match them. ... If China wants to strengthen itself, it is better to learn from foreign weapons..." - Li Hongzhang

Where the West surpasses China is not only in equipment but also in systems. Only by implementing reforms and reforms can China "strengthen itself and preserve its species." ——Yan Fu

Westernizationists: Advocated learning from the advanced military industries of the West.

Reformers: Advocate learning from the advanced Western political system (constitutional monarchy).

Emperor Guangxu (reigned 1875-1908)

After the signing of the Treaty of Shimonoseki, China fell into a frenzy of carving up by the great powers. The national crisis became increasingly severe, the national power weakened, and faced the serious crisis of national subjugation. Emperor Guangxu would also become the king of subjugation. So he made up his mind to implement reforms.

"Reform of 1898"

Background: Great powers set off a frenzy of partition; Germany forcibly leased Jiaozhou Bay.

Time: June 11, 1898, the year of Wuxu in the lunar calendar

Sign: Emperor Guangxu issued an edict to "clearly determine the state of affairs" and announced reforms.

Content and function:

Economically: The General Administration of Mining and Railways and the General Administration of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce are established to protect and reward the development of agriculture, industry, and commerce, and to reward creations and inventions;

Conducive to the development of national capitalism

Politically: Allow officials and citizens to write letters to express their opinions, abolish institutions, clarify the administration of officials, and cancel the privileges of bannermen;

It attacked the feudal bureaucracy and violated the interests of the conservative aristocracy.

Culturally: Reform the imperial examinations, abolish stereotyped writing, set up primary and secondary schools in various places, and set up university halls in the capital;

It is beneficial to the spread of Western learning; it harms conservative feudal literati.

Military: Eliminate the old army, refine the army, and expand the navy.

Strengthen military strength and save the nation from danger.

It is a bourgeois reform movement

Why did the Reform Movement of 1898 fail?

The root cause: the weakness and compromise of the bourgeoisie;

Obstruction from the stubborn forces of imperialism and feudalism;

They did not mobilize the masses and simply relied on Emperor Guangxu and others who had no real power.

What are the historical significance and lessons of the Reform Movement of 1898?

Historical significance: The Reform Movement of 1898 was a political change aimed at saving the nation from extinction, and it was also an ideological enlightenment movement that was conducive to social progress.

Lesson: The failure of the Reform Movement of 1898 shows that the path of bourgeois reform does not work in China, a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society.

Capital University

Date of establishment: end of 1898

School policy: "Chinese learning is the body, Western learning is the application, use both Chinese and Western learning, and see how it works."

Curriculum: general subjects and specialized subjects; after more than 10 years, there are 7 majors including economics, liberal arts, law and politics, business, geography, agriculture, and engineering.

Impact: Many provinces are also actively preparing to set up new-style schools. After the failure of the reform, although schools in all provinces were banned, the rise of new-style schools has become an inevitable trend.

Reform Movement of 1898

background

The national crisis has deepened greatly;

The initial development of Chinese national capitalism

rise

Writing on the bus

Founded societies and newspapers to publicize reform ideas.

Climax: Hundred Days of Reform June 11-September 12, 1898

Result: Empress Dowager Cixi launched the "1898 Coup" and the reform failed.

Function: Ideological enlightenment is conducive to social progress.

Class summary

1. The event that marked the transformation of the bourgeois reform trend into a patriotic and national salvation movement was ( )

A. The signing of the "Treaty of Shimonoseki" B. "Bus Letter"

C. The publication of "Tianyan Lun" D. The promulgation of the edict "Ming Dynasty"

2. The direct cause of Kang Youwei and others’ “writing on the bus” is ( )

A. The Treaty of Nanjing was signed B. The signing of the Beijing Treaty

C. The Treaty of Shimonoseki was signed D. Germany seizes Jiaozhou Bay

3. The Reform Movement of 1898 lasted 103 days from its beginning to its failure, so it was also called ( ) in history.

A. Shang Yang's Reform B. Writing on the bus

C. Hundred Days Reform D. Guangxu Restoration

4.The essence of the Reform Movement of 1898 is ( )

A. A bourgeois patriotic political movement

B． A movement of intellectuals participating in government affairs

C. A reform movement of the feudal landlord class

D. a bourgeois revolutionary movement

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For more information about the PPT courseware "The Great Powers Invasion of China during the Reform Movement of 1898 and the Plan to Save the Nation in the Late Qing Dynasty" PPT courseware, please click on the "The Great Powers Invasion of China in the Reform Movement of 1898 and the Plan to Save the Nation in the Late Qing Dynasty" ppt tag.

"Reform of 1898" PPT courseware download:

Download the PPT courseware of "The Reform Movement of 1898" Part One: Learning Objectives Knowledge Objectives Through the study of this lesson, students will understand basic knowledge such as the letter to the public, the Hundred Days Reform, and the 1898 Revolution. Emotional goals: By learning the progressive stance of reformers and their plans for reform...

"Reform of 1898" PPT download:

The first part of the PPT download of "The Reform Movement of 1898": Learning objectives 1. Understand the early reform thoughts and the reform thoughts of the main representatives He Kang and Liang; 2. Be familiar with the letter on the bus, "China and Foreign Chronicles", Qiang Xue Xue, "Ying Zhao Coordinating the Overall situation" "Zhe" and other knowledge points; 3. Master...

"Reform of 1898" PPT courseware:

"The Reform Movement of 1898" PPT courseware The first part of the content: Reform Reform Leadership class and faction: bourgeois reformists Leaders: Kang Youwei, Liang Qichao, Tan Sitong, Yan Fu Rise: petition on the bus, development, organization of societies, founding of newspapers and periodicals Climax: Hundred Days of Reform (1898 Reform...

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Update Time: 2024-07-23

This template belongs to History courseware Yuelu Edition Eighth Grade History Volume 1 industry PPT template

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