"The Boxer Rebellion and the Eight-Power Allied Forces' Invasion of China" PPT courseware on the invasion of China by foreign powers and the survival of the nation during the late Qing Dynasty

Description

"The Boxer Rebellion and the Eight-Power Allied Forces' Invasion of China" PPT courseware on the invasion of China by foreign powers and the survival of the nation during the late Qing Dynasty

Situation import

Faced with the severe national crisis of the Chinese nation, what have various classes and strata in Chinese society done to save the nation from peril? How is the result?

Boxer Rebellion

Background: After the Sino-Japanese War of 1898-1894, the great powers stepped up their aggression against China, and the national crisis became unprecedentedly serious.

At the end of the 19th century, Western missionaries were allowed to preach and establish churches in China. At the local level, Christian churches often conflict with local people due to various reasons such as differences in culture and customs. Some unscrupulous church members oppressed local people, but local governments often failed to deal with them impartially because they were afraid of the extraterritorial jurisdiction of the church and did not want to confront foreigners, resulting in teaching cases.

The great powers invaded China and the national crisis became unprecedentedly serious.

The church oppressed the people, and local officials "favored the teachings and suppressed the people."

The influx of Western goods caused a large number of farmers and handicraftsmen to go bankrupt and lose their jobs.

"Support the Qing, destroy the foreign"

Around 1900, with the tacit approval of the Qing court, the Boxers poured into the Beijing-Tianjin area in large numbers under the banner of "supporting the Qing Dynasty and destroying foreign countries."

evaluate:

The strong desire to be patriotic and save the nation from danger mobilized the masses to participate in the anti-imperialist struggle.

"Destroying the foreigners" was blindly exclusive and could not lead the mass struggle to the right path, while "supporting the Qing" easily made people relax their vigilance towards the Qing government.

The Eight-Power Allied Forces invaded China

In June 1900, Britain, Russia, Japan, France, Germany, the United States, Italy and Austria formed an aggressive coalition and launched a war of aggression against China.

Fight against the Eight-Power Allied Forces

Background: Cixi decided to use the Boxers to deal with foreigners

Time: June 21, 1900, declared war on all countries

process:

Battle at Langfang Station→Forcing the enemy to retreat to the Tianjin Concession

Battle of Dagu Port→The defenders of Dagu Fort resisted tenaciously

Battle of Tianjin→Fighting foreign invaders

"Southeast Mutual Insurance"

The Shanghai Concession is jointly "protected" by all countries, and the Yangtze River and Suzhou-Hangzhou mainland are "protected" by provincial governors;

Local governments in the southeast do not abide by edicts declaring war, and foreign powers are not allowed to initiate provocations in the southeast.

On the one hand, it ensured that half of China was free from war; on the other hand, it also destroyed the prestige of the Qing court, leading to open and fierce battles within the ruling class.

Think and explore

Reasons for the failure of the Boxer Rebellion:

The main reason is that the understanding of imperialism is still in the perceptual stage, and there is no essential understanding of the feudal rule of the Qing Dynasty, and they were deceived and exploited by the Qing government;

No political power was established, and no regular army was established;

The struggle has a strong color of feudal superstition and serious dispersion;

Always resolutely anti-imperialist, but also general, blindly xenophobic, etc.

The role of the Boxer Rebellion:

It was an anti-imperialist and patriotic movement of the peasant class, which demonstrated the patriotic spirit of the Chinese people in resisting aggression. Its heroic struggle objectively disrupted the attempts of the great powers to carve up China.

lesson:

Peasants are a great force against imperialism and feudalism, but they have class limitations. To succeed, the revolution must have the leadership of the advanced class and make it clear that the revolutionary task is to fight against imperialism and feudalism.

Treaty of Xinchou

Time: September 1901

Content: The Qing government compensated 450 million taels of silver, which was to be paid off in 39 years, with a total principal and interest of more than 980 million taels;

Demarcate an embassy area in Beijing and allow great powers to station troops;

Dismantle the forts from Dagu to Beijing, and allow various countries to send troops to garrison important places along the railway from Beijing to Shanhaiguan;

The Qing government guaranteed that people would be strictly prohibited from participating in anti-imperialist activities.

The harm and impact of the Treaty of Xinchou

Economy: Huge reparations are passed on to every ordinary Chinese person.

Politics: People's anti-imperialist activities are strictly prohibited.

Military: Destroy forts, no fortifications allowed, and allow all countries to station troops.

Diplomacy: Demarcate the boundaries of the embassy and prohibit Chinese people from entering.

The Qing government was completely reduced to a tool of imperialism to invade China;

China has completely degenerated into a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society.

The process of China becoming a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society

"Treaty of Nanjing" China began to degenerate into a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society

The "Beijing Treaty" further deepened China's semi-colonialization

The Treaty of Shimonoseki greatly deepened China's semi-colonialization

"Treaty of Xinchou" China was completely reduced to a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society

Class summary

The Boxer Rebellion and the Eight-Power Allied Forces' Invasion of China

Background: The national crisis is unprecedentedly serious; there is conflict between church forces and the people; a large number of farmers and handicraftsmen are unemployed, and anti-foreign sentiments have broken out.

Time: In 1898, Zhao Sanduo, the leader of the Boxer Boxers in Guan County, Shandong Province, led a crowd to attack the local church, kicking off the Boxer Rebellion.

Process: Around 1900, they poured into the Beijing-Tianjin area and defeated foreign invaders in the Langfang Station Battle, the Dagukou Battle, and the Tianjin Defense Battle.

Result: Under the joint stranglehold of Chinese and foreign reactionary forces, the Boxer Rebellion failed. It was a patriotic and anti-imperialist movement that objectively disrupted the attempts of the great powers to carve up China.

Class exercises

1. The reason why the Boxer Rebellion broke out is ( )

A. The brutal rule of the Qing government

B． The forces of imperialist aggression are deepening and the national crisis is unprecedentedly serious.

C． The poison of opium has made people's lives increasingly difficult

D. Overthrow the Qing Dynasty

2. The slogan put forward by the Boxer Rebellion Movement is ( )

A. "Reverse the Qing Dynasty and restore the Ming Dynasty" B． "Support the Qing, destroy the foreign"

C． "Eliminate violence and bring peace to good people" D. "Give me back my rivers and mountains"

3. The main purpose of the imperialist organization of the Eight-Nation Alliance to launch the war of aggression against China is ( )

A. Suppress the Boxer Rebellion B. Maintain the rule of the Qing Dynasty

C. Protect and expand interests in China D. Force the Qing government to surrender

4. In June 1900, more than 2,000 Eight-Power Allied Forces invaded Beijing from Tianjin. Their leader was ( )

A. Seymour B. wadeshi

C． Wall D. righteousness

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Update Time: 2024-07-22

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