"The Rule of the Northern Song Dynasty" The coexistence of multi-ethnic regimes and social changes in the two Song Dynasties PPT courseware 2

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"The Rule of the Northern Song Dynasty" The coexistence of multi-ethnic regimes and social changes in the two Song Dynasties PPT courseware 2

The establishment of the Northern Song Dynasty and the strengthening of centralization

The establishment of the Northern Song Dynasty

Time: 960

Character: Zhao Kuangyin

Event: Chenqiao Mutiny

Capital: Kaifeng (Tokyo)

Song Taizu and Song Taizong adopted the strategy of first easy and then difficult, first south and then north, and gradually eliminated the separatist regimes. By 979, they basically ended the split of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms.

While carrying out the war of unification, the rulers of the Song Dynasty took a series of measures to strengthen centralization

Measures to strengthen centralization:

1. Try to deprive senior generals of their military power, select strong soldiers from the local army to be incorporated into the Forbidden Army, and be directly controlled by the emperor (the garrison locations of the Forbidden Army are rotated regularly, so that "the soldiers do not know the generals, and the generals do not know the soldiers")

2. In the central government, the power of the prime minister is divided into three parts. The prime minister is in charge of administration, the privy council is in charge of military affairs, and the three envoys are in charge of finance. Administrative, military, and financial powers are separated, and their respective chiefs are responsible to the emperor.

3. At the local level, the central government appointed civil servants as prefects and prefects to manage local political affairs on behalf of the Jiedushi envoys, and implemented a three-year replacement system to prevent excessive power and difficulty in controlling them; the power of the Jiedushi envoys to collect taxes was abolished, and local Except for necessary expenses, all the financial revenue will be transported to the capital and collected by the central government.

1. The establishment of the Song Dynasty

1. The establishment of the Northern Song Dynasty: In the year of _______, _______ (namely Taizu of the Song Dynasty) established the Song Dynasty and made _______ (also known as Tokyo, today's Kaifeng, Henan) as the capital. It was called the Northern Song Dynasty in history.

2. Unification: Song Taizu and his successors followed the policy of unifying the south first and then the north, ending the split and separatist situation of _____________.

2. Measures to strengthen centralization of power

Military control ________. Weaken the military power of the generals and select the best soldiers from various states and towns into the Forbidden Army to strengthen the weak branches and defend the capital.

Politics Strengthen monarchy. In the central government: Divide _______ into three agencies: administrative, military, and financial to strengthen centralization.

In local areas: the central government sends _______ to serve as magistrates, magistrates and other positions. Strengthen central control over _______.

Economy Centralized financial power. Establish ________ in local areas and collect local wealth to the central government.

The national policy of emphasizing culture over military affairs

policy:

1. Select civilian officials to hold important positions at the central and local levels to suppress the power of military generals. Civilian officials can serve as generals commanding troops, but military generals are often only deputy commanders, subject to the supervision and control of civilian officials. The status and treatment of civilian officials are higher than that of military generals.

2. Further develop the imperial examination system, tighten the examination procedures, increase the number of admissions, improve the status of Jinshi, and attract more literati to join the bureaucracy. The imperial examination became the main way to select officials in the Northern Song Dynasty

3. Pay attention to cultural and educational undertakings, establish Imperial College in the central government, set up state schools and county schools in local areas, and select civil servants from the imperial court to teach Confucianism. Privately founded academies developed rapidly during the Song Dynasty and became a gathering place for scholars, playing an important role in cultivating talents and disseminating knowledge.

3. The national policy of emphasizing culture over military affairs

1. Reason: The rulers learned from the historical lessons of _________’s tyranny leading to separatism and division, and established the national policy of “__________, suppressing military affairs”, advocating civilized governance, and giving preferential treatment to literati.

2. Performance: (1) Assign ________ to serve as magistrate of the state and manage the local area.

(2) Vigorously develop the ______ system and increase the number of admissions for imperial examinations.

(3) Pay attention to cultural and educational undertakings, establish ______ in the central government, set up state schools and county schools in local areas, and select academic officials from the imperial court to teach Confucianism.

Four major academies in China

Yingtianfu Academy, Yuelu Academy, Bailudong Academy, and Songyang Academy are collectively known as the four major academies in my country.

The national policy of emphasizing culture over military affairs

Influence:

Through the above measures, the rulers of the early Northern Song Dynasty strengthened the centralization of power, reused civil servants, and reduced the power of military generals. This basically eliminated the hidden dangers of separatist feudal rule since the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, which was conducive to political stability and social and economic recovery and development.

However, these measures have also caused many shortcomings such as overlapping agencies, redundant officials, and ineffective military command.

By the middle of the Northern Song Dynasty, redundant officials, redundant troops, and redundant expenses had caused the government's financial inability to make ends meet. At the same time, in the successive battles with surrounding ethnic governments, more defeats and more defeats had also resulted in constant border troubles and acute social conflicts.

Thinking: What were the results and impacts of Song Taizu’s strengthening of centralization of power?

Results: The measures taken in the early Northern Song Dynasty to strengthen the centralization system eradicated the basis of feudal separatism, thus maintaining the unity and stability of the country and conducive to social and economic development.

Influence:

(1) Overlapping government agencies, redundant officials, and huge financial expenditures.

(2) The army's combat command is ineffective and its combat effectiveness is reduced.

(3) Local financial difficulties.

(4) It planted the root of poverty and weakness in the Northern Song Dynasty.

After-school exercises

1. "Emperor Qin, Han Wu, Emperor Tang and Song Zu" are all famous emperors in Chinese history. Among them, the "Song Zu" who established the Northern Song Dynasty is ()

A.Liu Bei B.Fu Jian C.Li Shimin D.Zhao Kuangyin

2. Among the following items, the ones that are not measures to strengthen centralization in the Northern Song Dynasty are ( )

A. Appoint civilian officials as local governors and set up general supervisors

B. Return local fiscal power to the central government

C. The power of the prime minister was divided into three parts

D. Set up military envoys at local level to control economic and military power

3. "Shang (Taizu of the Song Dynasty) said to (Zhao) Pu: "Fangzhen was brutally abused in the Five Dynasties, and the people suffered from it. Now I have selected more than a hundred Confucian officials to divide and rule the vassal. Even though they are all corrupt, they are not as good as the military officials. One person.'" The measures Taizu of the Song Dynasty took based on this thought were ( )

A. Weaken the real power of the Jiedushi B. Recruit local elite soldiers and return them to the central government

C. Establish a Privy Council to take charge of military affairs D. Send civilian officials to serve as local officials

4. During the Tang Dynasty, generals such as Li Jing and Hou Junji would lead their troops to fight when there was a war. After the military action was over, they would return to the court and serve as prime ministers, ministers and other senior civil servants. During the Song Dynasty, 91% of the officials in charge of military and political affairs had civilian qualifications. This reflects the strategy of governing the country in the Song Dynasty ( )

A. Strong trunks and weak branches B. Dispersion of military power

C. Emphasize civility over military affairs D. Defend the inside and ignore the outside

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"The Rule of the Northern Song Dynasty" The coexistence of multi-ethnic regimes and social changes in the two Song Dynasties PPT courseware 4:

"The Rule of the Northern Song Dynasty" The coexistence of multi-ethnic regimes and social changes in the two Song Dynasties PPT courseware 4 1. The establishment of the Northern Song Dynasty and the strengthening of centralization 1. The establishment time of the Northern Song Dynasty: 960 Founder: Zhao Kuangyin Capital: Tokyo (today's Kaifeng, Henan) 2. Measures to strengthen centralization...

"The Rule of the Northern Song Dynasty" The coexistence of multi-ethnic regimes and social changes in the two Song Dynasties PPT courseware 3:

"The Rule of the Northern Song Dynasty" The coexistence of multi-ethnic regimes and social changes in the two Song Dynasties PPT courseware 3 1. The establishment of the Northern Song Dynasty and the strengthening of centralization 1. The establishment of the Northern Song Dynasty: Time: 960 Characters: Zhao Kuangyin (Taizu of the Song Dynasty) Capital: Tokyo (today's Kaifeng) Event: Chenqiao Mutiny (..

"The Rule of the Northern Song Dynasty" The coexistence of multi-ethnic regimes and social changes in the two Song Dynasties PPT courseware:

"The Rule of the Northern Song Dynasty" The coexistence of multi-ethnic regimes and social changes in the two Song Dynasties PPT courseware Learning objectives 1. Know how the Northern Song Dynasty was established, when it was established, who founded it and the capital. 2. Understand Song Taizu's measures to strengthen centralization and their impact. 3. Understand the Chongwen implemented in the Song Dynasty..

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Update Time: 2024-09-09

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