"The Ming and Qing Dynasties" Political changes in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the consolidation of a unified multi-ethnic country PPT courseware 2

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"The Ming and Qing Dynasties" Political changes in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the consolidation of a unified multi-ethnic country PPT courseware 2

1. Social crisis in the late Ming Dynasty

1. Political corruption

2. Fiscal collapse

2. Peasant uprising in the late Ming Dynasty

1.1627 Shaanxi Hungry People’s Uprising Begins

2. In 1644, Li Zicheng invaded Beijing and the Ming Dynasty fell.

3. The rise of Manchuria and the entry of Qing troops

1. Nurhaci unified the Jurchens and established the Later Jin Dynasty

2. Huang Taiji established the Qing Dynasty

3. The Qing army entered the customs and settled Beijing as the capital

The land sale deed below can reflect from the side the situation of land concentration and farmers' living embarrassment in the late Ming Dynasty.

A land sale deed from the Chongzhen period of the Ming Dynasty

Liu Wenju was poor and had no money, so he negotiated with Ma Deng, a middle-aged man, and sold the three-acre vegetable garden land to one-third of the land, which contained a well and two coal kilns, and seven-quarters of the farmland, totaling four acres, and sold it to Kang Shouli of his village for ten silver dollars. Two taels and five cents. After the sale is established, if there is any dispute among relatives, the seller will bear the responsibility and establish this sale deed, which will be in effect forever.

The deed was signed by the seller and signed by the village chief, township chief and middleman Ma Deng. There was a red stamp on the deed that said "materials have been raised and tax payment has been completed", which means it has been officially approved.

1. Social crisis in the late Ming Dynasty

Reasons: 1. Politics is becoming increasingly corrupt

2. Serious land annexation

3. Financial crisis

4. Social conflicts are acute

Peasant Revolt in the Late Ming Dynasty

What was the reason for the peasant uprising in the late Ming Dynasty?

(1) In the last years of the Ming Dynasty, political corruption became more and more serious, the country was in deep financial crisis, the court continued to increase taxes, the people were overwhelmed, and there were complaints and class conflicts were extremely sharp. Royal nobles, eunuchs, bureaucrats, landlords, etc. frantically annexed land and arbitrarily occupied farmland, resulting in the displacement of a large number of farmers.

(2) There has been severe drought in northern Shaanxi for several years, with no crops harvested and hungry people everywhere. The government did not care about the life and death of the people and continued to press for taxes. The vast number of farmers who were suffering from the disaster could no longer endure it and launched uprisings one after another.

1. Politics is becoming increasingly corrupt

2. Serious land annexation

3. Financial crisis

4. Social conflicts are acute

5. Natural disaster occurs

Leader: Li Zicheng, in 1636, was elected as the "King of Chuang"

Slogan: "Equal land without tax"

Establishing political power: In 1644, Li Zicheng established the Dashun regime in Xi'an

The Ming Dynasty was destroyed: In 1644, Li Zicheng led his army to invade Beijing; Emperor Chongzhen hanged himself on Meishan, and the Ming Dynasty was destroyed.

"Equal land and no tax"

"Kill the cattle and sheep, prepare wine, and open the city gate to welcome King Chuang. But King Chuang will not pay you food when he comes."

The slogan "equal land and no tax" pointed the finger at the serious land annexation phenomenon in the late Ming Dynasty.

It reflected the urgent desire of the majority of farmers to obtain land and reduce taxes, and greatly stimulated the farmers' revolutionary enthusiasm.

Research point: The rise of Manchuria and the entry of Qing troops into the country

Jurchen traceability:

Su Shen - Black Water - Jurchen - Manchuria

(Shang and Zhou Dynasties - Sui and Tang Dynasties - Northern Song Dynasty - Ming and Qing Dynasties)

The historical changes of the Jurchen tribe

1. The Jurchen tribe was called the �� tribe (Heishui, Sumo) in the Tang Dynasty, and was called the Jurchen tribe in the Song and Liao Dynasties.

2. In 1125 and 1127, the Jurchens headed by Wanyanbu established the Jin Dynasty under the leadership of Aguda, which destroyed the Liao and Northern Song Dynasties respectively.

3. In 1234, Mongolia destroyed the Jin Dynasty. The Jurchens who settled in the Yellow River Basin merged with the Han people and were regarded as "Han people" in the Yuan Dynasty.

4. In the early Ming Dynasty, the Northeastern Jurchens returned to Nurgandu. In the late Ming Dynasty, the Jurchen leader Nurhaci unified the various tribes.

What are Nurhachi's main achievements?

1. Unify all Jurchen tribes and form Manchu

2. Houjin was established in 1616

3. In 1618, he rebelled against the Ming Dynasty

What are Huang Taiji's main achievements?

1. In 1636, the country’s name was changed to Qing

2.Occupied the territory outside the Pass in 1643

Consolidation exercises

1. The Peasant War in the late Ming Dynasty pushed the level of Chinese Peasant War struggle to a new height because ( )

A. Li Zicheng's rebellion overthrew the Ming Dynasty

B． Li Zicheng's rebel army had a very wide range of activities

C. Li Zicheng's rebel army proposed equalizing land and exempting them from taxes

D. Li Zicheng's rebel army established peasant power

2. Li Zicheng’s slogan of “equalizing land and eliminating taxes” was put forward in response to which of the following situations in the late Ming Dynasty ( )

①High concentration of land ②Heavy military service ③Heavy taxes ④Expensive

A. ①②③ B. ③④ C. ②④ D.①③

3. The unified dynasty was repeatedly overthrown by peasant uprisings, which repeatedly confirmed the "metaphor of the boat and water". Late Qin and late Ming

What the peasant uprisings have in common is ( )

A. With folk religion as the organizational form B. With the characteristics of opposing national oppression

C. Raising troops to oppose tyranny D. Calling for equality with slogans

4. A folk song in the late Ming Dynasty goes: "Kill the cattle and sheep, prepare wine, and open the city gate to welcome King Chuang. When King Chuang comes, he will not pay for the food."

What kind of strong desire does this reflect of the peasant masses? ( )

A. Opposing property inequality and demanding access to land

B. Overthrow the authoritarian rulers

C. Carry out bourgeois revolution

D. Carry out socialist revolution

5. Which of the following statements about the reasons why the Qing Dynasty replaced the Ming Dynasty is correct ( )

①The Qing Dynasty is the representative of the emerging advanced power ②The ruling group in the late Ming Dynasty was extremely corrupt

③Wu Sangui introduced Qing troops into the customs, which led to a reversal of the military situation. ④The Qing army's combat effectiveness was stronger than that of the Ming army and the peasant army.

A.①③ B.②④ C.①④ D.②③

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Update Time: 2024-07-29

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