"The Era of Reform" Social Change in the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods PPT Courseware 3

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"The Era of Reform" Social Change in the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods PPT Courseware 3

Import text

During the Warring States Period, in order to ensure victory in the competition for land and population, various countries carried out reforms one after another, such as Li Kui's reform in Wei and Wu Qi's reform in Chu. Among them, the most influential and thorough reform was Shang Yang's reform in Qin. It can be said that reform is the main theme of this era. What we are going to study today is the era of reform.

1. Reform movements in various countries

1. Background: Because the old (system) can no longer adapt to the rapid changes in social economy. The purpose of all countries' reforms is to enrich the country and strengthen its military so that the country can gain an advantageous position in the war for hegemony.

2. Countries with major reforms:

Wei’s (Li Kui’s Reform)

From the State of Chu (Wu Qi’s Reform)

Qin’s (Shang Yang’s Reform)

3. Significance: (making them one of the "Seven Heroes of the Warring States Period".)

Li Kui's Reform

Character: Li Kui, also known as Li Ke, was appointed prime minister by Marquis Wen of Wei. Event: Be the first among other countries to carry out reforms.

Reform content:

1. Abolish the traditional system of hereditary official positions among nobles, and select and appoint officials based on merit and talent;

2. Vigorously develop agricultural production, encourage farmers to work hard, and fully utilize the effectiveness and potential of the land to make the country prosperous and strong.

3. He also promulgated the "Dharma Sutra" and established the legal system.

Significance: The economy of Wei State has been greatly developed, the combat effectiveness of the army has been greatly enhanced, and Wei State has become the number one power in the early Warring States Period.

Wu Qi's Reform

Country: Chu State appointed Wu Qi to carry out reforms

Reform content:

1. Take various measures to abolish aristocratic privileges; rectify official administration, innovate politics, and eliminate irrelevant officials.

2. Use the saved expenses to support troops.

3. Result: The national strength of Chu State was enhanced and the situation of "poor country and weak soldiers" was initially changed. After that, he attacked Baiyue in the south and expanded his territory to the present-day Guangxi area. He also joined the Zhao State in attacking the Wei State, drinking horses in the Yellow River and defeating the Wei army.

2. Shang Yang’s Reform

1. Background: In the early years of the Warring States Period, the Qin State (national power) became weak. After Qin Xiaogong succeeded to the throne, he was deeply ashamed of Qin's backwardness, so he worked hard to recruit talents. (Shang Yang) heard the news and entered the Qin Dynasty. He impressed Duke Xiao with his skills of governing the country and he was reused.

2. Reform time: (356 BC)

3. Reform figure: (Shang Yang)

4. Main content:

(1) Those who produce a lot of grain and cloth through rewards (farming, weaving, reclamation) can be exempted from labor service; the state recognizes (private ownership of land) and allows (free buying and selling).

(2) Rewards (military merit).

(3) Compile (household registration) and implement (Shiwulian Judgment Law).

(4) Implement the county system.

(5) Unification (weights and measures).

5. Significance: Shang Yang’s Reform was the most (thorough) reform among all countries. It promoted (agricultural production), improved the combat effectiveness of (the army), greatly increased the national power of (Qin), and laid a solid foundation for the future (unification of the world). Foundation. Shang Yang's reforms (measures) had a profound impact on the subsequent Qin State and even the Qin Dynasty.

6. Evaluation: Shang Yang's filial piety to the Duke established the empire for Qin.

3. Learn and practice from time to time

1. Combine the knowledge you have learned and connect the following corresponding items with lines.

The country that implemented reforms during the Warring States Period and the person who presided over the reform

Wei Guo Li Kui

Chu State Shang Yang

Qin State Wu Qi

2. During the Warring States Period, the old system could no longer adapt to the rapid changes in social economy. This "old system" refers to ( )

A. "Abdication" system B. Hereditary throne system

C. Slavery D. Centralization

3. Which of the following statements about the causes of reforms in various countries during the Warring States Period is correct ( )

①The old system can no longer adapt to the rapid changes in social economy. ②The purpose of reform in all countries is to enrich the country and strengthen its army ③Every country wants to gain an advantageous position in the war for hegemony ④All for the purpose of "respecting the king and repelling the barbarians"

A①②③ B②③④ C、①③④ D①②④

4. Question: After the death of Qin Xiaogong, the prince ascended the throne. The conservative nobles falsely accused Shang Yang of "treason", and as a result, Shang Yang was sentenced to death by being quartered on five horses. Based on this, does it explain whether Shang Yang's reform succeeded or failed? Why?

Answer After Shang Yang's death, Qin State still implemented Shang Yang's reforms in accordance with the contents of Shang Yang's reforms. Shang Yang's reforms were successful. It promoted agricultural production, improved the combat effectiveness of the army, greatly increased Qin's national power, and laid a solid foundation for unifying the world in the future.

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Update Time: 2024-07-10

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