"A Hundred Schools of Thought Contend" PPT courseware on social changes in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period

Description

"A Hundred Schools of Thought Contend" PPT courseware on social changes in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period

1. Lao Tzu and his ideas

Introduction to Laozi

Living era: Late Spring and Autumn Period

School of thought: Taoism (founder)

Representative work: "Laozi" also known as "Tao Te Ching"

The essence of thought: Put forward the simple dialectics, advocate following the laws of nature, and advocate "doing nothing" to govern.

Conceptual understanding

Simple dialectics: All things have positive and negative opposites, and both sides are interdependent and mutually reinforcing (existence and non-existence, difficulty and difficulty, long and short, high and low, sound and sound, and back and forth), and the opposites Both sides can transform into each other (misfortunes come from where blessings depend, and blessings come from misfortunes).

Taoist

(1) It is proposed that heaven and earth are "naturally inactive" and denies that heaven has a will and can do anything and do good.

(2) It is believed that all things contain opposites such as existence and non-existence, high and low, life and death, and the two contradictory parties can transform into each other. (dialectical thinking)

(3) Advocates conforming to nature, advocates "doing nothing" to govern the country, and opposes rulers' desire for great achievements.

2. Confucius and his teachings

The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, a period of rapid and profound changes, produced a large number of outstanding thinkers. Among them, Confucius was the most influential. In the country, there are Confucian temples built in memory of Confucius all over the country. Abroad, many scholars in the United States, Britain and other countries recognize Confucius as one of the world's great thinkers. The status of Confucius in the intellectual and cultural history of China and the world can be seen from this. To understand traditional Chinese culture, you must understand Confucius.

Confucius (September 28, 551 BC - April 11, 479 BC), whose surname was Qiu and whose courtesy name was Zhongni, lived in Zou Yi (zōu yì, present-day Qufu City, Shandong Province) in the Changping State of Lu during the late Spring and Autumn Period. Southeast) people. A famous thinker, philosopher, educator and founder of Confucianism in ancient China.

According to legend, Confucius had more than 3,000 disciples and 72 virtuous disciples. He led his disciples to travel around the world for 14 years. Founded the Confucian school and proposed the theory of "benevolence".

【Knowledge Window】

What is the main meaning of "benevolence"?

"Benevolence" refers to personal personality and interpersonal relationships. It emphasizes that the foundation of interpersonal relationships is to respect each other's personality. Confucius said: "A benevolent person loves others." He asked the rulers to implement "benevolent governance", fathers, sons and brothers should be filial to each other, and people should be honest with each other...

3. A hundred schools of thought contend

During the Warring States Period, society was undergoing profound changes. In the face of social changes, different scholars have written books and lectures, expounded their own ideas, and disseminated their own opinions. During this period, a large number of thinkers appeared and formed numerous schools of thought, known as "Hundred Schools of Thought". The various schools of thought debated fiercely and influenced each other, forming a situation of "a hundred schools of thought contending".

Mozi, the founder of Mohism. He proposed "universal love" and "non-aggression" and advocated loving all people and treating others as oneself. It advocates recommending worthy people to govern the country. Improve economy and criticize extravagance and waste.

"Mozi" is the most important material for studying Mo Zhai's thoughts. There are 53 chapters in existence, most of which are accounts of Mo Zhai's remarks by his disciples or re-disciples.

Classroom training

1. The Analects is a quotation from the great thinker Confucius. Zhao Pu, the prime minister of the Song Dynasty, said that "half of the Analects rules the world." The core proposition of Confucius’ thought is ( )

A. "Benevolence" B. “Teaching students in accordance with their aptitude”

C. "Government with virtue" D. "Education without discrimination"

2. The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period were an era of unprecedented prosperity of ideology and culture in Chinese history, and an active situation of "a hundred schools of thought contending" emerged in the ideological field. Among them, the school that emphasizes the use of "punishment" to strengthen rule is ( )

A. Confucianism b. Taoism c. Legalism D. Mohist

3. The origins of many idioms are related to thinkers in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Please name two and give a brief explanation.

Teaching students in accordance with their aptitude...Confucius

Destroying the seedlings and encouraging them to grow... Mencius·Gongsun Chou (Part 1)

Sit back and wait... Han Feizi·五耷[dù]

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Update Time: 2024-07-31

This template belongs to History courseware Yuelu Edition Seventh Grade History Volume 1 industry PPT template

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