"Reform and Evolution of Socialist Countries" PPT courseware for the contemporary world with diverse development

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"Reform and Evolution of Socialist Countries" PPT courseware for the contemporary world with diverse development

test you

Do you know which countries currently have socialist republics?

The basic situation of socialist countries after World War II

During the period of Stalin's rule in the Soviet Union before and after World War II, the "Stalin model" emerged in national construction. Economic construction implemented a planned economy through administrative means, resulting in a serious imbalance in the proportion of the national economy, social and economic stagnation, and great impact on people's lives; Stalin appeared in his later years. There was a serious cult of personality and personal dictatorship, and democracy and the rule of law were trampled, which became an obstacle to the continued development of the Soviet Union. The socialist camp after World War II was headed by the Soviet Union. Both political and economic construction imitated the Soviet model, and the economic situation was not good. Yes, society is not stable.

What are the disadvantages of the highly centralized political and economic system established in the Soviet Union during Stalin's period?

In terms of economic construction, administrative means are completely used to formulate plans, which seriously violates the laws of the market, leading to a serious imbalance in the proportion of the national economy. Heavy industry has grown rapidly, while the development of light industry and agriculture, which are closely related to people's lives, has been slow or even declined, and people's lives have been seriously affected. The field of power mechanism is the "Stalin model". The most serious drawback of the rigid system is reflected in Stalin's personality cult and personal dictatorship reaching their peak in his later years.

1. Khrushchev’s reforms

1. Reason:

(1) The Soviet Union had serious economic problems, with unbalanced economic development and an imbalance in the proportion of light and heavy industries.

(2) The "Stalin model" severely restricted the development of the Soviet economy.

2. Time: 1956-1964

3. Main content:

Economically: Increase investment in agricultural operations, but regardless of objective conditions, reclaim wasteland on a large scale and promote corn planting; reform industrial management mechanisms.

Politically: Criticize Stalin's personality cult and strengthen the construction of democracy and legal system.

Diplomacy: Ease relations with capitalist countries, but grossly interfere in the internal affairs of socialist countries.

4. Characteristics: P93 Stressful, localized and superficial

5. Impact: It impacted the Stalin model to a certain extent, but did not fundamentally change the highly centralized political and economic system of the Soviet Union.

2. Gorbachev’s reforms

1. Time: 1986-1990

2. Main content:

3. Characteristics: “Democratization” and “Openness”

4. Impact: social chaos, intensified ethnic conflicts, leading to the disintegration of the Soviet Union

Gorbachev's reforms:

Economically: Fundamental changes in the economic system

The measures are unfavorable, the resistance is great, and the results are minimal.

Politically: Carry out political system reform, amend the constitution, cancel the legal leadership status of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, and implement a presidential system and a multi-party system

The emergence of anarchism, social unrest, and political instability aggravated the deterioration of the economy, which in turn greatly aggravated further political and social unrest, aggravating the disintegration of the Soviet Union.

5. "August 19th" Incident

(1) Time: August 19, 1991

(2) Purpose: to prevent the disintegration of the Soviet Union

(3) Impact: Accelerated the disintegration of the Soviet Union.

3. Hungarian Reform

1. Time: Beginning in the mid-1950s

2. Process: Najib’s reforms in the 1950s

Qatar's reforms in the 1960s

1989 reform

In 1990, the Hungarian Socialist Party lost its leadership position.

3. Result: No breakthrough in the planned economic framework

Background: In the 1950s, Hungary tried to get rid of the negative influence of the "Stalin model" on the country, but due to unfavorable government policies, the Hungarian Incident broke out.

process:

In 1968, the economic system reform combining planning and market regulation was implemented nationwide.

In 1989, parliamentary democracy based on a multi-party system and a market economy based on a mixed system were implemented.

In 1990, the Hungarian Communist Party lost its leadership position, the nature of society changed, and the reform ended in failure.

Analyze the main reasons for the disintegration of the Soviet Union and the drastic changes in Eastern Europe

Internal cause:

1. The highly centralized political and economic system seriously hindered the development of the Soviet economy (fundamental reason)

2. Failure of political system reform, political chaos, and social unrest.

External factors: “peaceful evolution” of Western countries

After Stalin's death, the Soviet Union and a series of socialist countries in Eastern Europe carried out reforms in order to break through the "Stalin model", but with little success. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the disintegration of the Soviet Union and the drastic changes in Eastern Europe were major setbacks in the history of socialism. So, what lessons have the drastic changes in Eastern Europe and the disintegration of the Soviet Union left us?

What inspirations does the disintegration of the Soviet Union and the drastic changes in Eastern Europe have on my country's socialist construction?

1. Reforms must be in line with the country’s national conditions and adhere to independent domestic and foreign policies;

2. Vigorously develop productive forces, improve people’s living standards, and demonstrate the superiority of socialism;

3. Production relations must adapt to the development of productive forces;

4. Establish and improve socialist democracy and legal system, and implement the rule of law;

5. Strengthen the building of the ruling party and safeguard the party’s legal leadership status; etc.

practise:

1. When did the Soviet Union disintegrate? ( )

A. 1953 B. 1956

C. 1986 D. 1991

2. In the late 1980s, countries in which region experienced large-scale social changes ( )

A. East Asia B. Africa

C. Western Europe D. Eastern Europe

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Update Time: 2024-11-21

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