"Europe in the Medieval Times" Medieval Asian and European Civilizations PPT Courseware

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"Europe in the Medieval Times" Medieval Asian and European Civilizations PPT Courseware

The hierarchy of feudal society in Western Europe

Charles Martel's feudal reforms (land enfeoffment)

Reform measures: Replace the old practice of unconditional land rewards from the king with conditional land enfeoffments.

According to regulations, nobles (vassals) who were granted land (fiefs) must swear allegiance to their lords and perform cavalry service for them. If the obligation is not fulfilled, the feudal lord has the right to take back the fief.

Core of Reform: Feudal Hierarchy

Chivalry: A moral concept characterized by advocating bravery, pursuing honor, believing in religion, protecting the weak, and being loyal to the lord, that is, chivalry.

2. The Rule of the Church

Pepin (714-768), also known as Pepin III and Pepin the Short, was the king of the Franks (751-768), the father of Charlemagne and the founder of the Carolingian dynasty. He was originally the prime minister of the palace and usurped the throne in 751 with the support of the Pope. In order to repay the pope, Pepin donated a piece of territory in central Italy to the pope, which is known in history as the "Pepin Donation". From then on, the foundation of the Papal State was laid.

1. The establishment of the Papal States

(The Papal States was a theocratic state in central Italy headed by the Roman Catholic Pope from 756 to 1870)

(1) Favorable conditions: decentralization, church expansion

(2) Laying the foundation: Pepin dedicated his land and the Holy See established the country.

The Dark Reign of the Church

Politically: The Pope has the power to depose a king

Economically: The church is the largest feudal lord in Western Europe

Ideologically and culturally: Monopolize education and ban “heretical” ideas

3. The renaissance of Western European cities

Reason for rise: Increased productivity in Western Europe

Langcheng Uprising: In 1112, the residents of Langcheng, the wool spinning center of northern France, launched an uprising, established a "commune", and killed Godry and others. Louis VI and the feudal lords sent troops to capture Langcheng and forcibly abolished the commune. The residents of Langcheng persisted in the struggle until 1128, when Louis VI had to issue a charter to Langcheng, allowing Langcheng to establish a commune and implement self-government. The Langcheng Uprising became a typical example of the struggle against feudal lords.

In the early Middle Ages in Western Europe, due to wars and economic decline, most of the once prosperous Roman cities were in ruins. Around the 11th century, with the improvement of productivity, the handicraft industry gradually developed. Some serfs with specialized skills escaped from feudal manors and set up workshops near traffic arteries, ferries, monasteries, and castles, and became handicraft producers. Businessmen also gathered in these places. In order to prevent intrusion, they built fences or walls in the settlements. On this basis, new industrial and commercial cities gradually formed.

Impact of urban regeneration:

Politically: the struggle of urban residents for urban autonomy

Economically: Promote the development of handicrafts, commerce and transportation, and form a regional market or trade center.

Cultural and educational aspects: Western European society gave birth to the earliest universities

4. The demise of the Byzantine Empire

Reasons for the fall of the Byzantine Empire

1. The empire was established by force and its foundation was extremely unstable;

2. The rulers are closed-minded and conservative;

3. With frequent use of troops for a long time, the national power gradually declines and the country is divided;

4. Revolt by peasants and slaves;

5. The rise and invasion of Ottoman Türkiye.

Openness and tolerance make civilization prosperous

It shows that conservatism and narrow-mindedness lead to the decline of civilization

Learning assessment

In the 1.8th century, the system that promoted the feudalization of the Frankish Kingdom was ( ).

A. Head of state system B. Manor system C. Fief system D. Hierarchy system

2. The time when Western Europe entered feudal society was ( ).

A.End of the 4th century B.End of the 5th century C.End of the 6th century D.End of the 7th century

3. The rule of the church is the rule of darkness. Do you agree with this view? Why?

Answer: ① The church reached the supreme position in the feudal society of Western Europe, became the largest feudal ruling force politically, and the Bible became the legal criterion above all else;

② Economically, it is the largest feudal lord in Western Europe, occupying more than one-third of the land, and exploiting all residents of Western Europe;

③Ideologically and culturally, the policy of obscuring the people is promoted, and religious theology is the pinnacle of all knowledge;

④The rule of the church hindered the development of production, science and technology, ideology and culture, and seriously affected the progress of Western European society. Its shady shadow tightly shrouded the entire Western European society in the Middle Ages.

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For more information about the PPT courseware "Europe in the Medieval Era and Medieval Eurasian Civilizations", please click on the PPT tag of Medieval Eurasian and European Civilizations PPT and Europe in the Medieval Era.

"Europe in the Medieval Times" Medieval Asian and European Civilizations PPT Courseware 3:

"Europe in the Medieval Times" Medieval Asian and European Civilizations PPT Courseware 3 [Learning Objectives] 1. Take Charlemagne's reforms and Pepin's dedication as examples to understand the characteristics of the feudal hierarchy in Western Europe and the status of the Holy See. 2. Learn about the rise of Western European cities by telling the story of the Langcheng Uprising..

"Europe in the Medieval Times" Medieval Asian and European Civilizations PPT Courseware 2:

"Europe in the Medieval Times" Medieval Asian and European Civilizations PPT Courseware 2 Medieval history is also called medieval history, which refers to the history of the formation, development and disintegration of the feudal system. Starting hundreds of years after the fall of the Western Roman Empire (476 AD), feudalism reigned supreme around the world..

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Update Time: 2024-11-17

This template belongs to History courseware East China Normal University Edition Ninth Grade History Volume 1 industry PPT template

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