"British Bourgeois Revolution" Great Social Changes in Major European and American Countries PPT Courseware 4

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"British Bourgeois Revolution" Great Social Changes in Major European and American Countries PPT Courseware 4

Three things that create conditions for the establishment of bourgeois power

Renaissance—created the necessary ideological prerequisites for the development of capitalism

The opening of new shipping routes—promoting the primitive accumulation of capital

The Religious Reformation—created conditions for the development of capitalism in Western Europe

British bourgeois revolution

Reason: The autocratic rule of the Stuart dynasty hindered the development of British capitalism and intensified class conflicts.

Time: 1640-1688

Leadership class: the bourgeoisie and the new aristocracy

The beginning: the convening of the Long Parliament in 1640

Result: The Bill of Rights was promulgated in 1689 and established a constitutional monarchy

Significance: 17th century------the arrival of the industrial revolution

1. Beginning: 1640, Long Parliament convened

The British Parliament was first formed in the 13th century. It is divided into the House of Lords and the House of Commons. The members are from the feudal main class. The House of Lords is not elected but is composed of secular nobles and non-hereditary ecclesiastical superiors who hold this position by hereditary right. The House of Commons is elected. Members are elected from every man in the army who is over 21 years old and can earn more than 40 shillings per year from real estate developers. They have the power to decide taxes, pass bills and supervise the government.

2. Civil War: Defeat the royal army and capture the king

3. Republic and national protection politics:

(1) Execution of Charles I (1649.1)

(2) Establishment of the Republic (1649.5.19)

(3) Cromwell became Lord Protector (in 1653, the Long Parliament was dissolved)

Talk about it

What do you think of Cromwell?

1. The leader of the British bourgeois revolution.

(1) Establish a bourgeois army, lead and command the army to defeat the royal army; (2) Lead the people to overthrow the autocratic rule of the Stuart dynasty and establish a bourgeois republic.

2. Military dictator.

The Long-term Parliament was dissolved, the Lord Protector was installed, and the Lord Protector was changed from a lifelong system to a hereditary system. The republic existed in name only, paving the way for the restoration of the Stuart dynasty.

What are the main contents of the Bill of Rights?

(1) Restrict the king’s legislative power, financial power, military power and the power to control parliament;

(2) Establish the dominant position of the Parliament in the country’s political life. The Parliament becomes the country’s highest authority, and the king can only rule in accordance with the Constitution and the law.

3. Result and impact:

1. Result:

(1) The victory of the bourgeoisie and the new aristocracy over the feudal autocratic forces; (2) The victory of the Parliament over the king.

2. Meaning:

(1) The establishment of a constitutional monarchy was the greatest political impact of the British Revolution on Europe and even the world;

(2) It opened up a broad road for the rapid development of British capitalism and accelerated the arrival of the first industrial revolution.

1. The British bourgeois revolution began in ( )

A.1640 B.1646

C.1660 D.1689

2. The essence of the British Bill of Rights is ( )

A. Guaranteeing the bourgeoisie’s sole control of the republic

B. gave Parliament the right to freely elect the king

C. Abolition of the British monarchy

D. Provided legal protection for restricting royal power

3. The leader of the British bourgeois revolution was ________; the programmatic document promulgated was ________.

4. What was the reason for the outbreak of the British bourgeois revolution?

Answer: The feudal autocratic rule of the Stuart dynasty seriously hindered the development of capitalism and intensified class contradictions.

Talk about it

Do you know what a constitutional monarchy is? What is the fundamental difference between it and feudal monarchy?

Constitutional monarchy: Also known as "limited monarchy", it is a form of political organization in capitalist society. It refers to a monarchy in which the power of the monarch in a capitalist country is restricted and restricted by the constitution.

The difference from feudal monarchy is that the latter is an autocratic dictatorship, while constitutional monarchy is a form of bourgeois democracy.

In this political system, the monarch is the nominal hereditary head of state, occupying a position of unification without rule, and the center of national power is the parliament.

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Update Time: 2024-07-11

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