"The French Revolution" Great Social Changes in Major European and American Countries PPT Courseware 4

Description

"The French Revolution" Great Social Changes in Major European and American Countries PPT Courseware 4

【learning target】

1. Understand that the main reason for the outbreak of the French Revolution was that feudal autocratic rule seriously hindered the development of the capitalist economy;

2. The storming of the Bastille marked the beginning of the Revolution;

3. The content and impact of the Declaration of Human Rights;

4. The establishment of the First French Empire and Napoleon’s domestic and foreign policies;

5. The historical significance of the Revolution.

Self-study guidance

Students read pages 98-104 of the text carefully, think about the following questions while reading and underline the key points. After 8 minutes, compete to see who can answer correctly.

1. What was the main reason for the outbreak of the French Revolution?

2. What was the time and symbol of the outbreak of the French Revolution?

3. What is the content and function of the Declaration of Human Rights?

4. What are the historical impacts of the French Revolution?

5. How do you evaluate Napoleon?

1. Reasons for the outbreak of the French Revolution

The contradiction between the third estate and the feudal landlord class (priests and nobles) intensified

root cause

Feudal autocratic rule hindered the development of French capitalist economy

fuse

In May 1789, the Estates-General opened in the Palace of Versailles on the outskirts of Paris.

2. The process of the French Revolution

1 Beginning—Storming the Bastille

The Bastille was a castle and state prison in Paris, France from the 14th to the 18th century. Built in the second half of the 14th century, it was originally a castle and served mainly as a state prison for political prisoners from the 16th century onwards. The Bastille is composed of 8 towers, deep ditches and high walls, and has become a symbol of the French feudal autocracy.

2 Development - Promulgation of the Declaration of Human Rights: 1789

Death certificate under the old system, birth certificate under the new system.

Monument to the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen (adopted on August 26, 1789)

The nature of the "Declaration of Human Rights": the anti-feudal revolutionary program of the bourgeoisie.

(1) In terms of rights, people are always born free and equal.

(2) Law is the expression of public will.

(3) Property rights are human rights that are sacred and inviolable.

In what aspects do you think the Declaration of Human Rights has historical and progressive significance?

The purpose of issuing the "Declaration of Human Rights" is to establish in legal form the "sovereignty of the people" advocated by Enlightenment thinkers, freedom, equality, security and resistance to oppression, and equality before the law. The "Declaration of Human Rights" promotes the concepts of the sanctity of private property and "natural human rights" and uses them as the basic principles for establishing a capitalist society. It requires the fundamental negation and destruction of the feudal monarchy and feudal hierarchy. Therefore, it is progress. Yes, revolutionary.

Jacobin Dictatorship

content:

Limiting prices (restricting bourgeois speculation);

The land of the fugitive nobles was confiscated and sold to peasants at low prices in installments, and all feudal obligations were unconditionally abolished;

Severely crack down on counterrevolutionary forces at home and abroad.

evaluate:

Defeat the attacks of foreign armies, quell domestic rebellions, and push the Great Revolution to its climax.

The attack area was too broad, too many enemies were made, and the basis for dominance was lost.

3. The Rise and Fall of Napoleon’s Empire

Napoleon was born in a declining aristocratic family in Corsica in August 1769. When he was 10 years old, his father sent him to study at the Royal Military School in Brienne. In October 1784, he was elected to the Royal Military School in Paris with excellent results.

1. First appearance

Battle of Toulon

Put down a rebellion

Promise Italy

Expedition to Egypt

2. The Coup of Brumaire

On November 9, 1799, Napoleon launched a coup. After the coup, Napoleon dominated France and took full power.

Why did Napoleon come to power?

Outstanding talents of individuals; "opportunities": specific historical circumstances.

"It was an accident that Napoleon, a Corsican, became the military dictator that the French Republic, exhausted by its own wars, needed. But without Napoleon, his role would have been filled by someone else. One person plays the part." ——Engels

3. Napoleon proclaimed himself emperor

In 1804, the French Republic was renamed the French Empire, named Napoleon I, and France entered the imperial era.

Nature of empire: A regime that represents the interests of the big bourgeoisie and big landowners and implements military dictatorship.

4. The historical significance of the French Revolution

① Destroyed the feudal autocratic system in France and opened the way for the development of French capitalism;

②A heavy blow to European feudal forces;

③ effectively promoted the bourgeois revolution in Europe and the national liberation movement in Latin America.

Compare the British Bill of Rights with the American Declaration of Independence and the French Declaration of Human Rights

Similarities: The three documents are all important historical documents. They all safeguard the interests of the bourgeoisie; they all advocate freedom, democracy, and equality; they all promote the development of capitalism; they jointly usher in the modern democratic legal system; they all serve the future. Society paints the blueprint.

Differences: The "Bill of Rights" restricted the king's rights, established the supremacy of parliamentary rights, laid the theoretical and legal foundation for the British constitutional monarchy, and made Britain the first to enter a society ruled by law; the "Declaration of Independence" is the "first" in human history. "A Declaration of the Rights of Man" was the banner of the colonial people's anti-British struggle and had a significant impact on the development of democratic politics in the United States and the Western world. The Declaration of Human Rights embodies the combination of human rights and the rule of law, especially property rights, and is the legal document that best embodies bourgeois politics.

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Update Time: 2024-11-22

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