"The Sino-Japanese War of 1898-1898 and the Reform Movement of 1898" The invasion of foreign powers and the survival of the Chinese nation PPT courseware 3

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"The Sino-Japanese War of 1898-1898 and the Reform Movement of 1898" The invasion of foreign powers and the survival of the Chinese nation PPT courseware 3

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Japan, which has become increasingly prosperous and powerful after the Meiji Restoration, used its strong national power to gradually abolish the unequal treaties signed with Western powers, regain its national sovereignty, and escape the crisis of becoming a colony; then, with the rapid improvement of its economic strength, its military strength also increased It quickly strengthened and defeated two powerful powers in the past - the Qing Empire and Tsarist Russia in the Sino-Japanese War of 1898-1894 and the Russo-Japanese War respectively. It attracted the attention of Western powers and became a dominant Asian power.

The Empress Dowager Cixi said: "When Guangxu came to power in 1875, he was still young. I had to listen to the government behind the curtain. In 1886, it was changed to "training the government" and "returning to the government" in 1889. I didn't ask any questions anymore.

Isn’t it enough to build a garden for retirement? "

The contrast between Cixi and Emperor Meiji is so stark

3. The Sino-Japanese War:

1. Excuse:

2. Outbreak: 1894 (Jiawu Year of the Lunar Calendar)

3. Process: Sino-Japanese War of Sino-Japanese War (Battle of the Yellow Sea) by Deng Shichang

Discuss:

①In the Battle of the Yellow Sea, who retreated from the battlefield first?

②Who won?

③What are Li Hongzhang’s orders and the consequences?

The Beiyang Navy was "only able to keep its mouth shut and could not actually initiate a naval battle." It ordered the Beiyang Fleet to hide in Weihaiwei Port and was not allowed to patrol the sea to meet the enemy. This enabled Japan to gain sea control in the Yellow Sea, which greatly facilitated Japan's further aggression.

4. Result: China was defeated and forced to sign the Treaty of Shimonoseki

5. The impact of the Sino-Japanese War and the Treaty of Shimonoseki on China:

historical roots

1. After the First Sino-Japanese War, the great powers further intensified their aggression against China. China's national crisis deepened unprecedentedly and China was at a critical juncture of life and death.

2. The Sino-Japanese War of 1884-1894 declared the failure of the exploration of the Westernization Movement, and new exploration was needed to save the nation.

Information card about the Reform Movement of 1898

1. Background: After the Sino-Japanese War of 1898-1894, China faced an unprecedented crisis for its nation.

2. Representative figures: Kang Youwei, Liang Qichao, Tan Sitong

3. Supporter: Emperor Guangxu

4. The event that kicked off: "Sent on the bus"

5. Process:

6. Content: (Political Economic Military Culture)

7. Impact:

8. Result:

Contents of the Reform Movement of 1898

Political aspects: Allow officials and people to write letters to express their opinions, change laws and regulations, and clarify official administration.

Economic aspect: reward industry and reform finance.

Military aspect: Organize and train the new army and learn foreign exercises.

In terms of culture and education: the capital university was opened to study both Chinese and Western subjects; schools and translation bureaus were established, and newspapers, societies, etc. were allowed to be established.

The role of reform measures:

1. Conducive to the development of capitalism and the spread of Western scientific knowledge;

2. It is conducive to the participation of bourgeois intellectuals in political affairs;

3. It is conducive to eliminating social evils.

The nature of the reform: It is a reform movement of bourgeois nature.

comment on history

(The impact of the Reform Movement of 1898)

Patriotism - the Reform Movement of 1898 was a patriotic political movement to save the nation from extinction and inspired people's patriotism and national consciousness.

Enlightenment - the Reform Movement of 1898 was an ideological emancipation movement that violently attacked feudal ideology and culture, created a new era of atmosphere, public opinion and ideas, and promoted the awakening of the Chinese people.

Conclusion - The failure of the reform shows that the bourgeois reform movement cannot work in China, a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society.

Class test: Ask students to fill in the four historical figures in the Reform Movement of 1898.

In order to take the road of saving the country,————I wrote again,

Don’t be a king who subjugates your country, and issue an edict for reform.

Oppose the reform and reform, --- launch a coup,

Awaken the people with blood, and die generously.

Summary of this lesson:

In this class, we studied the Westernization Movement and the Reform Movement of 1898. These two movements were the process of us learning from the West. We hope that China will be prosperous and strong, which is an expression of patriotism and has played a positive role in promoting the development of modern Chinese society. Unfortunately, we are only learning. We only scratched the surface and did not essentially learn from the West like Japan did during the Meiji Restoration in 1868. These are some of the reasons for our failure. If the Westernization Movement, as Li Hongzhang said, was about putting a few newspapers on a "broken house", the Reform Movement of 1898 was just about replacing the roof and pillars of this "broken house". Taking history as a mirror, we can teach future generations an important lesson: if we want China to become strong, it is impossible to rely on superficial phenomena (simply learning foreign science and technology and systems); anything we do must be based on reality and adapt to the objective laws of the development of things. Some people saw that the path of peaceful reform was not feasible and still took the path of revolution.

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For more information about the PPT courseware "The Sino-Japanese War and the Reform Movement of 1898 in the Sino-Japanese War and the Reform Movement of 1898", please click the Sino-Japanese War in Sino-Japanese War and the Reform Movement of 1898 in the PPT courseware "The Invasion of the Great Powers and the Preservation of the Chinese Nation in the Sino-Japanese War of 1898".

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Update Time: 2024-10-01

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