"Revolution of 1911 and the Establishment of the Republic of China" Revolution of 1911 and National Awakening PPT Courseware 3

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"Revolution of 1911 and the Establishment of the Republic of China" Revolution of 1911 and National Awakening PPT Courseware 3

Ninety years ago, in the ancient land of China, a revolution broke out that had a major impact on the course of Chinese history.

——Jiang Zemin in 2001

China experienced three great changes in the 20th century: the Revolution of 1911, the founding of New China, and reform and opening up. At the same time, it also created three great men: Sun Yat-sen, Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping.

background

After the failure of the Reform Movement of 1898 and the Boxer Rebellion, the Chinese chose bourgeois revolution in order to save the nation from peril.

Revolutionary activist ------ Sun Yat-sen (November 12, 1866 - March 12, 1925), famous writer, nicknamed Yixian, pseudonym Zhongshan Qiao. He is the pioneer of China's modern national democratic revolution, the great forerunner of China's democratic revolution, the founder of the Republic of China and the Chinese Kuomintang, and the advocate of the Three People's Principles. His greatest historical contribution is to lead the Revolution of 1911 and promulgate the "Provisional Constitution of the Republic of China". Overthrow the feudal monarchy of more than two thousand years. Born in Xiangshan County, Guangdong Province in 1866. After graduating from the Hong Kong College of Western Medicine in 1892, he practiced medicine in Macao, Guangzhou and other places. However, the reality of China's declining power made him give up his career as a doctor soon and embark on the path of exploring the truth of saving the country and the people. path of. Later, when he was engaged in revolutionary activities in Japan, he adopted the pseudonym Zhongshan Qiao, and Sun Yat-sen's name came from this. He died in Beijing on March 12, 1925, leaving a will that "the revolution has not yet succeeded, comrades must still work hard." Because Mr. Sun Yat-sen attached great importance to tree planting during his lifetime, later, in memory of Sun Yat-sen, March 12 was designated as tree planting every year. Festival.

Sun Yat-sen's revolutionary activities

The Autumn of 1894: The Revival of China, the first revolutionary group

In 1895, preparations were made to launch the Guangzhou Uprising—traveling to Europe and the United States.

In August 1905, the Chinese League of Nations published a revolutionary program and became the first national bourgeois revolutionary party.

In November 1905, in the publication of "Min Bao", the revolutionary program of the Tongmenghui was summarized as the three major principles of "nation, civil rights, and people's livelihood", referred to as "Three People's Principles".

Climax: Wuchang Uprising and the founding of the Republic of China

1. Wuchang Uprising

①Time: 1911.10.10

②Main force: Revolutionaries in the Hubei New Army Engineering Camp

③ Result: The Hubei Military Government was established and the country's name was changed to the Republic of China.

2. The establishment of the Republic of China

January 1, 1912

Sun Yat-sen was sworn in as interim president in Nanjing, the Nanjing interim government of the Republic of China was established, and the Senate was also established.

In the same year, the "Provisional Constitution of the Republic of China" with the nature of a bourgeois republic's constitution was promulgated.

Sun Yat-sen took office as interim president of the Republic of China

On January 1, 1912, Sun Yat-sen took a train to Nanjing to take office as the interim president. He was warmly cheered by the masses along the way. When they arrived in Nanjing in the afternoon, representatives from various provinces and welcoming crowds shouted "Long live the Republic!" which shook the roof tiles. In the evening, Sun Yat-sen took the oath of office and declared the formal establishment of the Republic of China.

Provisional Government of the Republic of China

① Time: 1912; Capital: Nanjing; President: Sun Yat-sen

② Constitution: "Provisional Constitution of the Republic of China"

③ National flag: five-color flag (red, yellow, blue, white and black)

④ Year: Year of the Republic of China (1912)

ending

Yuan Shikai stole the achievements of the revolution

Yuan Shikai used imperialism as his backing and the Beiyang Army as his capital: he forced Emperor Xuantong of the Qing Dynasty to issue an edict to abdicate (1912.2.12);

He assumed the post of interim president of the Republic of China in Beijing; Sun Yat-sen resigned, the interim government moved to Beijing, and the rule of the Beiyang warlords began.

evaluate

The historical achievements of the Revolution of 1911

Nature The Revolution of 1911 was an anti-imperialist and anti-feudal bourgeois democratic revolution.

Meaning overthrew the rule of the Qing Dynasty, ended the feudal autocratic monarchy system that had ruled China for more than 2,000 years, established a bourgeois republic, promulgated the "Provisional Constitution", spread the idea of ​​a democratic republic, and enabled the people to obtain some democratic rights; created a complete meaning the modern national democratic revolution.

Limitations: It has not fundamentally changed the nature of China's semi-colonial and semi-feudal society.

Use your brain

Convert the Gregorian calendar to the Republic of China calendar:

1. January 1, 1912, switched to the Gregorian calendar to commemorate the Republic of China.

Do you know how old the Republic of China was in 1912?

2. The "New Culture Movement" occurred in the 4th year of the Republic of China. Do you know what year this year is in the Gregorian calendar?

3. 2017 is Grandpa Xiao Ming’s 80th birthday. How many years in the Republic of China was he born?

Based on your calculations on the above question, can you summarize the conversion formula between the Republic of China year and the Gregorian calendar?

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"Politics, Economy and Culture during the Reign of the Beiyang Warlords" The Revolution of 1911 and the Establishment of the Republic of China PPT Part One Content: Politics during the Reign of the Beiyang Warlords The Beiyang Warlord Regime (1912--1928) 191219161928 Yuan Shikai's Rule Warlord Separatism (1..

"Revolution of 1911" Revolution of 1911 and the establishment of the Republic of China PPT courseware:

"Revolution of 1911" The Revolution of 1911 and the Establishment of the Republic of China PPT Courseware Part One Content: Course Standard Requirements: 1. Understand the basic content of Sun Yat-sen's Three People's Principles; 2. Understand the significance of the Revolution of 1911 and the establishment of the Republic of China for China's end of the imperial system and the establishment of the Republic of China; limitation. ..

"Revolution of 1911" Revolution of 1911 and the establishment of the Republic of China PPT:

"Revolution of 1911" PPT on the Revolution of 1911 and the Establishment of the Republic of China Part One: Clarify the Concept Revolution of 1911 in a narrow sense: the Wuchang Uprising that occurred in the year of 1911 (1911) in the old calendar. Broadly speaking: refers to the bourgeoisie represented by Sun Yat-sen from the 1890s to 1912.

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Update Time: 2024-10-06

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