"New Culture Movement" Revolution of 1911 and National Awakening PPT Courseware 3

Description

"New Culture Movement" Revolution of 1911 and National Awakening PPT Courseware 3

Review the past and learn the new

1. The guiding ideology of the Revolution of 1911? What is the specific content?

2. What are the progress and limitations of the Revolution of 1911?

3. What was the greatest achievement of the Revolution of 1911, and what was Sun Yat-sen’s greatest contribution?

4. What were the reasons and results of the second revolution?

5. When did Yuan Shikai restore the monarchy? What were the fundamental reasons for its failure?

6. What three factions did the Beiyang warlords divide into, and who are the leaders of each faction? Which areas does each control?

learning target

1. Understand the time, slogans, main positions, and content of the New Culture Movement

2. Understand the status and role of the New Culture Movement in China’s modern ideological liberation movement.

3. List the main representatives of the New Culture Movement such as Chen Duxiu and Hu Shi and their works, and understand their contributions to the New Culture Movement

After the Revolution of 1911, ideas such as democracy, equality, and fraternity were deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. However, Yuan Shikai restored the monarchy, respected Confucius, and went retrograde. This has made China's advanced intellectuals realize that the minds of most of our citizens...are really filled with old ideas from the imperial era. Now, in order to consolidate the republic, we must first wash away all the old ideas that are against the republic in the minds of the people. Not clean.

background

① After the Revolution of 1911, in order to maintain autocracy and restore the monarchy, Yuan Shikai ordered Confucius to read scriptures, setting off a countercurrent to feudal restoration;

② The democratic republic failed to be realized, and intellectuals looked for new ways to save the country.

Learn independently

(1) In September 1915, Chen Duxiu founded the magazine "____" in ____

(2) Under the guidance of Chen Duxiu, ___, ____, ____ and others used "_____" magazine and _____ as their main positions, holding high the two banners of "____" and "____" to develop the New Culture Movement.

(3) The New Culture Movement promoted ____ against ____; promoted ___ against ____; promoted ____ against ______; promoted _____ against _____. The advocates of the New Culture Movement launched a fierce attack on ______. The struggle was directed at the idea of ​​______ and they put forward the slogan "______"

(4) The New Culture Movement is the continuation of _____ in the ideological and cultural field. It dealt an unprecedented blow to ___ and shook ___; it promoted ___; it contributed to ______.

The center and main position of the New Culture Movement

Sports centers: Shanghai, Beijing

Main positions: "New Youth" magazine, Peking University

In 1917, Cai Yuanpei became president of Peking University. "New Youth" moved to Beijing for publication

Beijing University

A comprehensive university of liberal arts and sciences. It was formerly known as the Capital University, founded in 1898. It was renamed Peking University in 1912, and Yan Fu was appointed president. In January 1917, Cai Yuanpei became the president and reorganized and reformed the school, laying the foundation for the transformation of Peking University into a modern university.

The main contents of the New Culture Movement

Four advocates and four objections:

Promote science and oppose ignorance

Promote democracy and oppose autocracy

Promote new morality and oppose old morality

Promote new literature and oppose old literature

Think about it: What does "Kongjiadian" refer to?

"Kongjiadian" refers to traditional morality, old ethics and the feudal autocratic system represented by Confucianism.

“Punch Shop”

Is this kind of thinking necessarily correct?

The purpose of "punching the hole shop" is to break the feudal ethics, oppose dictatorship, and explore new ways to save the country and the people, which is of progressive significance. However, it is one-sided to completely deny Confucianism. When treating traditional culture, we must take its essence and discard its dross.

Promote new literature and oppose old literature.

In 1917, Hu Shi published "A Preliminary Discussion on Literary Reform", advocating the replacement of classical Chinese with vernacular.

The first is to have something to say; the second is to not imitate the ancients; the third is to pay attention to grammar; the fourth is to not make innocent moans; the fifth is to get rid of bad tone and clichés...

Chen Duxiu clearly proposed the slogan of "literary revolution" to transform old literature into new literature suitable for spreading democratic science.

literary revolution

The slogan was proposed by Chen Duxiu; Hu Shi advocated replacing classical Chinese with vernacular; and the first vernacular novel was written by Lu Xun.

Significance: Literary revolution plays an important role in spreading new ideas, prospering literary creation and promoting national education.

How to evaluate the status and significance of the New Culture Movement?

The New Culture Movement made people pursue truth and progress more urgently, thus creating favorable conditions for the spread of Marxism in China and opening up a way forward for the vigorous May Fourth Movement.

Nature The New Culture Movement is the continuation of the Revolution of 1911 in the ideological and cultural field. It is an unprecedented ideological emancipation movement.

Significance: ① The New Culture Movement attacked authoritarianism and traditional ethics; ② Prompted people to pursue truth and progress and explore new ways to save the country and the people; ③ Created conditions for the spread of Marxism in China.

Limitations: However, it has an absolute negative and affirmative bias in studying Western culture and criticizing traditional thought and culture. When dealing with traditional culture and foreign culture, we must "take the essence and discard the dross."

Solid foundation

1. The core content of the New Culture Movement is

A. Promote new ethics

B. Promote new literature

C. Promote democratic science

D.Popularization of culture

2. In the New Culture Movement, the first person to advocate writing articles in vernacular was

A. Chen Duxiu B. Cai Yuanpei

C. Hu Shi D. Lu Xun

High school entrance exam drill

1. Cai Yuanpei, Chen Duxiu and Hu Shi are older and younger, but their zodiac signs are all rabbit. Therefore, later generations vividly called them the "Three Rabbits" in the New Culture Movement. Regarding their activities in the New Culture Movement, which of the following statements is correct ( )

A. In 1915, Chen Duxiu founded Youth Magazine in Beijing

B. Cai Yuanpei served as president of Peking University and launched the New Culture Movement

C. Hu Shi published "A Preliminary Discussion on Literary Reform" and advocated vernacular literature

D. Both Chen Duxiu and Hu Shi promoted Marxism in the early stages of the movement

2. Some scholars believe that China has experienced three major ideological emancipation movements in modern times. The first time was a breakthrough in the concept of "Huayi Debate", the second time was a breakthrough in the concepts of "Tao" and "Qi", and the third time was a breakthrough in the constraints of traditional culture. The following are directly related to "breaking through the constraints of traditional culture": ( )

A. "Learn from the barbarians and develop skills to control the barbarians" B. "Save the country through industry"

C. “Natural selection, survival of the fittest” D. Democracy and science

3. (2016 Jinhua) The picture below is a knowledge diagram drawn by a history interest group. Based on this, it is inferred that the theme they studied is ( )

A. Creation of new system

B. Exploration of China’s modernization

C. The impact of the industrial revolution

D. Spread of Marxism

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Update Time: 2024-07-23

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