"The Establishment of the Versailles-Washington System" The Western World under the Versailles-Washington System PPT Courseware 2

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"The Establishment of the Versailles-Washington System" The Western World under the Versailles-Washington System PPT Courseware 2

1. Paris Peace Conference

1. Background of the convening

(1) In 1918, the Allied Powers were defeated and surrendered, and became the targets of the victorious powers’ slaughter. The contradiction between the defeated country and the victorious country thus arose and developed.

(2) New changes occurred in the balance of power among the victorious Allied Powers. (English and French) (United States)

2. Time: January to June 1919

3. Location: Palace of Versailles, Paris, France

4. Manipulating countries: United States, Britain, France

5. Results: The Treaty of Versailles was signed, the League of Nations was established, the Versailles System was formed, and a new order of imperialist rule in Europe, West Asia, and Africa was established.

The basic situation of the countries participating in the conference: Germany and its allies have become the ones on trial waiting to be punished. Britain, France, and the United States have always been the leaders of the conference, and China and other countries have been the foil of the conference. In addition, Soviet Russia was deprived of the right to participate in the peace conference.

British Prime Minister Lloyd George: retain Germany, contain France, restrict Soviet Russia, maintain and strengthen maritime dominance

French Prime Minister Clemenceau: Avenge shame, regain lost ground, weaken and dismember Germany

U.S. President Wilson: Protect Germany, counterbalance Britain and France, deal with Soviet Russia, establish the League of Nations, and gradually dominate the world

What demands does China, as a victorious nation, make? What was the result? What is the impact?

Demanding the recovery of all rights seized by Germany in Shandong

The peace treaty would transfer all German rights in Shandong to Japan.

Diplomacy failed, triggering the May 4th Movement and refusing to sign the peace treaty

Observe and think about the impact of the Versailles System:

The new order of imperialism in Europe was established. The borders of the five countries of Germany, Austria, Hungary, Bulgaria, and Turkey were reduced due to cession. A new region was established in Central and Southeast Europe under the rule of the three former empires of Russia, Germany, and Austria-Hungary. batch of independent countries.

A new order of imperialist rule in West Asia was established. The Ottoman Empire had disintegrated, and the Arab areas it originally ruled became colonies of Britain and France under the name of mandate rule.

A new order of imperialist rule in Africa was established. Britain, France and other countries carved up the former German colonies in Africa.

2. Washington Conference

Background: Although the Paris Peace Conference temporarily adjusted the relations between imperialist countries in the West, their conflicts in East Asia and the Pacific are still very acute.

Time: 1921-1922

Location: Washington

Participating countries: United States, United Kingdom, France, Japan, Italy, Netherlands, Belgium, Portugal, China

Result: "Four-Power Treaty", "Five-Power Treaty" and "Nine-Power Convention"

"Four-Power Treaty": The United States, Britain, Japan, and France meet

"Mutual respect for their rights in Pacific island possessions and island territories"

Think about this: Who does this treaty benefit? What impact does it have on international relations?

Beneficial to the United States; it dismantled the Anglo-Japanese alliance, removed the threat to the United States, and cleared obstacles for American expansion in the Pacific.

Tell us about your understanding of the Washington Conference

① It is a continuation of the Versailles Conference, which established the imperialist ruling order in East Asia and the Pacific.

② The imperialists established the "Versailles-Washington System", but it was impossible to eliminate the contradictions between imperialists, so it could not be maintained for a long time.

Viewpoints from all sides:

Regarding the Treaty of Versailles:

Sherman, the first Prime Minister of the Weimar Republic of Germany: Whoever signs such a treaty will have his hands rotten!

British economist Keynes: It is one of the most brutal acts committed by a cruel victor in the history of civilization.

Foch, Commander-in-Chief of the Allied Forces: This is not peace, this is just a 20-year truce.

Lenin: The entire international system and international order maintained by the Treaty of Versailles were built on the crater.

For the Washington meeting:

Mao Zedong pointed out: The Washington Conference brought China “back to a situation dominated by several imperialist countries!

The post-World War I imperialist world peace order established by the Treaty of Versailles was extremely unstable. It was the product of the compromise between the victors in the First World War and the division of spoils. It not only failed to eliminate the contradictions between imperialist countries, but also deepened them. The conflict between the defeated and victorious countries was resolved.

The Nine-Nation Convention signed at the Washington Conference ostensibly claimed to respect China's sovereignty, independence, and territorial integrity. In fact, it affirmed China's semi-colonial status, broke Japan's monopoly on China in World War I, and facilitated The United States is expanding its aggressive power in China.

Easy to pass

1. Which of the following statements about the Versailles-Washington system is correct ( )

A. Eliminate the conflicts between the victorious imperialist countries

B． can exist for a long time

C. established the post-war international order

D. Eased conflicts between victorious and defeated countries

2. At a historical knowledge competition, the host said: "This was an international meeting attended by the victorious countries. At the meeting, the just demands of the Chinese representatives were rejected, and the news spread to China, triggering a large-scale and thorough anti-imperialist uprising Anti-feudal patriotic movement." This meeting was ( )

A. Paris Peace Conference

B． washington conference

C. Munich Conference

D. Continental Congress

3. The central issue discussed at the Paris Peace Conference was ( )

A. What to do with defeated Germany

B． Resolve conflicts within the treaty

C. Limit the arms race

D. Building a new European order

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"The Establishment of the Versailles-Washington System" The Western World under the Versailles-Washington System PPT courseware 1. Paris Peace Conference 1. Background of the holding (1) In 1917, the victory of the Russian October Revolution split the world into socialism and capitalism. A kind of both opposition and coexistence..

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Update Time: 2024-06-21

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