"Russian Serfdom Reform" Consolidation and Expansion of Bourgeois Rule PPT Courseware 2

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"Russian Serfdom Reform" Consolidation and Expansion of Bourgeois Rule PPT Courseware 2

The difference between serfs, farmers and slaves

Serfs: Agricultural producers who were subordinate to serf owners or feudal lords in feudal society. Economically exploited, without personal freedom or any political rights.

Farmers: workers who participate in agricultural production for a long time.

Slave: A person who works for the slave owner without personal freedom, and is often bought, sold or killed at the slave owner's will.

Serfs were owned by landlords and farmed the land and performed corvee services for free. The landlords... could buy and sell serfs. … Agricultural methods were primitive, with serfs using ancient wooden plows. Landowners were reluctant to purchase farm equipment because it cost a lot of money to buy and repair machinery, while serfs did not need to pay for their work. Most of the serfs were illiterate and lived in poverty.

What do the above materials reflect about the situation of serfs under Russian serfdom?

Politically: Oppressed, with limited personal rights;

Economically: Exploited and living in poverty.

2. Serfdom Crisis

1. Reason

(1) Serfdom seriously hindered the development of capitalism in Russia------the fundamental reason

(2) The defeat in the Crimean War further exposed the shortcomings of serfdom and intensified domestic conflicts. -------direct cause

(3) The serfdom system and the tsarist autocratic rule triggered continuous serf uprisings. Workers and soldiers rioted one after another, and the serfdom system was on the verge of collapse.

Reform content

Serfs were legally "free persons", and landlords were no longer allowed to buy or sell serfs or interfere with their lives.

After the serfs were "liberated", they could get a piece of land, but they had to pay to redeem the land.

Organize farmers into old village communes and implement joint guarantees.

Nature: Top-down bourgeois reform

◆The serfs gained personal freedom

◆Serfs have free control over their property

◆The state collects ransom for allotment of land

How do you evaluate Russia’s 1861 reforms?

Positive impact: It is conducive to the development of capitalism in the country and is a major turning point in Russia's modern history.

Negative impact: This reform was not thorough and left behind a lot of feudal remnants.

practise

1. The tsar who signed the decree abolishing serfdom in 1861 was ( )

A. Nicholas I B. Catherine II

C. Peter I D. Alexander II

2. The fundamental purpose of Russia’s 1861 reforms was ( )

A. Develop capitalism

B. Ease class conflicts and maintain the autocratic rule of the Tsar

C. Strengthen Russia’s military power

D. Prepare conditions for Russia’s external expansion

3. Russia abolished serfdom only once ( ).

A. "Bottom-up" reforms due to the rise of serfdom

B. “Bottom-up” reforms with the rise of the bourgeoisie

C. “Top-down” reforms carried out by the Tsar

D. "Top-down" reforms jointly carried out by the bourgeoisie and the tsar

4. Historians generally believe that the 1861 reform was an important turning point in Russian history. The main basis for this understanding is ( ).

A. Reforms lifted Russia out of its national crisis

B. The reform enabled serfs to obtain land for free

C. Reform is conducive to the development of capitalism

D. Reforms abolished tsarist rule

Knowledge points

1. The crisis of serfdom

(1) Serfdom seriously hindered the development of capitalism in Russia (fundamental reason)

(2) The failure in the Crimean War intensified domestic conflicts (direct cause)

2. Reforms of 1861

In 1861, Tsar Alexander II approved a decree abolishing serfdom.

Content: Serfs gained personal freedom, but they had to pay for a piece of land.

Nature: top-down bourgeois current reform

Essence: A bigger plunder of serfs

Influence:

Positive: It is conducive to the development of capitalism in the country and is a major turning point in Russia's modern history.

Negative: This reform was not thorough and retained a large number of feudal remnants.

Thoughts and Discussions

Judging from the specific content of Russia’s serfdom reform, whose interests did this reform reflect? What are the contradictions?

①Reflected the interests of the tsarist government and landlords.

② The serfdom reform should be to emancipate serfs and reflect the interests of serfs, but in fact it reflects the interests of landlords, so it is contradictory.

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Update Time: 2024-07-10

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