"The Rule of the Beiyang Warlords" The Start of Modernization PPT Courseware 2

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"The Rule of the Beiyang Warlords" The Start of Modernization PPT Courseware 2

The establishment of the Beiyang warlord rule

1. Time: March 1912

2. Symbol: Yuan Shikai took office as the interim president of the Republic of China in Beijing

3. Nature: a feudal comprador government that represents the interests of the big landowners and big comprador classes

1. Yuan Shikai’s exclusive power

Politics: Control the cabinet; destroy the "Provisional Law"

Military: Strengthen the Beiyang Army; weaken the Revolutionary Army.

"Song Case"

Time March 1913

Place of occurrence: Shanghai Railway Station

The mastermind behind the scenes: Yuan Shikai

Purpose: to prevent the Kuomintang from forming a cabinet and eliminate the forces of the Revolutionary Party.

2. “Second Revolution”

①Reason:

direct cause

①Assassination of "Song Jiaoren"

② Remove the governors of the three provinces; the Beiyang Army marches south.

root cause

Maintain democracy and republic.

②Properties:

It was an armed struggle by the bourgeois revolutionaries headed by Sun Yat-sen to oppose Yuan Shikai's dictatorship and military offensive and to defend the democratic republic. It was a continuation of the Revolution of 1911, so it was called the "Second Revolution."

③ Reason for failure:

The strength of the Kuomintang is weakened

Yuan Shikai is powerful

④ Result:

The southern regime was controlled by Yuan Shikai; Yuan Shikai's power became more consolidated and stronger.

4. National Defense Movement (combination of military struggle and public opinion struggle)

1. Public opinion struggle:

Sun Yat-sen issued the "Declaration against Yuan"

Liang Qichao's "What a So-Called Theorist of National System"

2. Military Struggle: National Defense Movement

3. Struggle for Public Opinion: "Second Declaration Against Yuan"

The reasons why Yuan Shikai was able to quickly establish a dictatorship and restore the monarchy:

1. Yuan took control of the new Beiyang Army and continued to expand its strength

2. Support from feudal forces and imperialism, especially Japanese imperialism

3. After Yuan Shikai came to power, in order to create ideological and public opinion for restoration, the countercurrent of promoting the restoration of respect for Confucius also played a certain role.

4. The Weakness of the Bourgeois Revolutionaries

The fundamental reason: Determined by the social nature of the two halves of China, it is due to the incompleteness of the Revolution of 1911

Reasons for rapid failure:

1. The Revolution of 1911 made the concept of democratic republic deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, and democratic republic became an irreversible historical trend.

2. The revolutionaries headed by Sun Yat-sen resolutely safeguarded the democratic republican system and called on the people to use force to oppose the restoration of the monarchy.

3. The restoration of the imperial system went against public opinion and aroused strong opposition from people of all classes, forming a large-scale anti-Yuan Huguo movement.

4. Conflicts within the ruling group intensified, and those who restored the monarchy rebelled against their relatives.

Practice questions

The main reasons why Yuan Shikai created the "Song Case" are:

A. Song Jiaoren wants to replace Yuan Shikai as interim president

B. Song Jiaoren supported Sun Yat-sen

C. Song Jiaoren tried to reorganize the cabinet

D. Song Jiaoren opposed restoration

In essence, the "Song Case" reflects:

A. Struggle for power;

B. Conflicts between the United States and Japan in China;

C. The conflict between the Kuomintang and the Beiyang warlords;

D. The contradiction between republic and autocracy

The biggest consequences of the failure of the second revolution are:

A. The bourgeoisie has withdrawn from the political stage;

B. The southern provinces canceled their independence one after another;

C. Sun Yat-sen and Huang Xing were forced into exile;

D. Yuan Shikai's power expanded to the Yangtze River Basin.

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Update Time: 2024-10-06

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