"The coexistence of the Northern Song Dynasty, Liao Dynasty and Xixia" PPT courseware 2 on the competition between national political power and the development of the southern economy

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"The coexistence of the Northern Song Dynasty, Liao Dynasty and Xixia" PPT courseware 2 on the competition between national political power and the development of the southern economy

Thinking: What happened after the fall of the Tang Dynasty?

At the end of the Tang Dynasty, a peasant uprising led by Huang Chao broke out. In 907, Zhu Wen deposed the Tang Dynasty emperor and proclaimed himself emperor. The country was named Liang. Chinese history once again entered the era of great separatism - the "Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms" period.

(1) The establishment of the Northern Song Dynasty

1. Time: 960 years

2. Founder: Zhao Kuangyin, the general of the Later Zhou Dynasty, who was Song Taizu

3. Method of establishment: the method of launching a mutiny to seize power

4. Power seizure events: Chenqiao Mutiny (Chenqiaoyi), yellow robes

5. Capital: Kaifeng is Tokyo and the capital city

6. The Northern Song Dynasty successively eliminated the separatist regimes and ended the split of the "Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms" (note: it did not unify the whole country)

Measures taken by the Northern Song Dynasty to strengthen centralization:

1. Background: In the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, the phenomenon of weak kings and strong ministers, domineering generals, and frequent changes in the throne appeared.

2. Main measures: Centralize all military power, political power, and financial power in the hands of the emperor. Specifically reflected in:

(1) Politically: Divide the central power into three parts and strengthen the emperor’s control over the political power.

Under Zhongshu - in charge of administration

Privy Council - in charge of the military

The third department - in charge of finance (Salt and Iron, Household Department, Duzhi)

(2) Military: ① "Release military power with a glass of wine" ② Implement the separation of troop deployment power and military command power ③ Frequently change the generals of the local main army ④ Local governors use civil servants

Thoughts and Discussions

Are there any pros and cons to Song Taizu's measures to strengthen centralization?

Pros: It strengthens the feudal autocratic centralized rule and achieves the result of strong branches and weak branches.

Disadvantages: These measures have caused overlapping government agencies, redundant officials, financial difficulties, ineffective combat command, and reduced military combat effectiveness. It planted the root of poverty and weakness in the Northern Song Dynasty.

Did the Northern Song Dynasty unify the whole country?

Although the Northern Song Dynasty ended the division of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, there were still several ethnic regimes coexisting on the borders at that time. Therefore, the Northern Song Dynasty was not a dynasty that unified the whole of China.

2. The rise of the Khitan tribe and the peace and war between the Liao and Song Dynasties

1. Understand the rise and power of the Khitan people

2. The establishment and expansion of Liao

3. Relationship between Liao and Song Dynasties (peace and war)

3. The War between Song and Liao

The relationship between Song and Liao: there was war and peace, and peace was the mainstream (characteristics)

It has gone through three stages from war to peace:

The first stage: Northern Song Dynasty attacks Liao Dynasty

The second stage: Liao attacked Northern Song and negotiated peace between Liao and Song (Chanyuan Alliance)

The third stage: the relationship between Song and Liao after the peace negotiation

How to evaluate "Chanyuan Alliance"?

Positive: According to historical records, after the Chanyuan Alliance, the two sides set up trading houses in the border areas to carry out trade. The Song Dynasty used silk fabrics, rice, tea, etc. in exchange for sheep, horses, camels, etc. from the Liao Dynasty. I think it is a good thing that Song and Liao reached the Chanyuan Alliance.

Opponent: It was stipulated that the Song Dynasty should give Liao Sui coins, 100,000 taels of silver and 200,000 pieces of silk every year, all of which must be borne by the people of the Song Dynasty. I think the Chanyuan Alliance was humiliating to the Song Dynasty and was also very detrimental to the people of the Song Dynasty.

Objective evaluation: What they said is reasonable, but they look at the problem from different angles.

1. For the Liao Dynasty and the Northern Song Dynasty, for the Liao Dynasty, the Chanyuan Alliance enabled the Liao Dynasty to escape from the war safely, and it also received "year-old coins", which was conducive to economic development. The Chanyuan Alliance was a humiliating peace treaty, and "year coins" became a heavy burden for the people of the Northern Song Dynasty.

2. However, from the perspective of the entire history of the development of the Chinese nation, the establishment of the Chanyuan Alliance has a positive side: it ended decades of war between the Liao and Song Dynasties, and made the borders of the Liao and Song Dynasties relatively peaceful and stable for a long time. status, frequent economic and cultural exchanges between the two sides are conducive to the production and development of border areas, and in the long run will be conducive to the development and reunification of our multi-ethnic country.

3. The relationship between the rise of Xixia and the Northern Song Dynasty

1. The establishment of Xixia

Nationality: party item

Time: 1038

Character: Yuan Hao

Capital: Xingqing (now Yinchuan, Ningxia)

2. The growth of Xixia

In 1038, Yuan Hao, the leader of the Dangxiang tribe, imitated the Han system (absorbing Han culture) and proclaimed himself emperor and established the Great Xia Kingdom, which was historically called "Xi Xia". Under his guidance, Xixia created its own writing, established corresponding political and military systems based on the Han system, and gradually grew in power.

The reasons and historical significance of the peace talks between Song and Xia

1. Reasons

Due to the constant war between Song and Xia, people were tired of the war. In addition, the Northern Song closed the border trade market with Xixia, interrupting the food supply to Xixia and causing financial and economic difficulties in Xixia. Therefore, Xixia began to seek peace from the Northern Song.

2.Historical significance

Since then, peace has basically been maintained between Song and Xia, trade between the two sides has flourished, and national integration has been further strengthened, promoting the development of the northwest region.

test you

1. The "Chanyuan Alliance" took place between which two regimes? ( )

A. Liao and Xixia B. Northern Song and Liao

C. Northern Song Dynasty and Xixia D. Northern Song Dynasty and Tubo

2. In the Battle of Chanyuan between Song and Liao Dynasties, those who advocated resolute resistance were ( )

A. Song Zhenzong B. Wang Anshi

C.Shi Shouxin D.Kou Zhun

3. Which of the following statements about the Chanyuan Alliance is incorrect ( )

A. During the reign of Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty, the Liao army attacked the Song Dynasty and reached the gates of Chanzhou City.

B. Prime Minister Kou Zhun urged the emperor to conquer in person

C. The Chanyuan Alliance stipulated that the Song Dynasty should give Liao Sui coins

D. After the Chanyuan Alliance, peace remained between Liao and Song Dynasties

8. Read the materials and answer questions

The qianqian is a trading institution with a fixed location set up by the governments of both sides in the border area. Bulk goods are generally exchanged at the qianqian. Silk fabrics, grains, tea, medicinal materials, porcelain and cultural classics from the Central Plains are continuously transported to Liao. In the region, horses, cattle, camels, blankets, salt and other products raised by the Liao people were also continuously imported into the mainland.

Please answer:

⑴ Based on the knowledge learned, what is the direct cause of the phenomenon described in the material?

Answer: In 1005, Song and Liao concluded the Chanyuan Alliance, and Song and Liao concluded a peace treaty.

⑵What is the positive significance of the historical phenomena reflected in the materials?

Answer: 1. Ended the long-term war situation

2. Promote frequent economic and cultural exchanges between the two parties

3. Promote the integration of nationalities and the development of Chinese civilization

Expand your understanding: Our country is a multi-ethnic country. Although contradictions and conflicts among various ethnic groups have occurred from time to time in Chinese history, peace is the mainstream of ethnic relations. Even if war occurs, it is still a fight between brothers; the civilization of the Chinese nation is common to all ethnic groups. All ethnic groups have made positive contributions to the historical development of the motherland.

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For more information about the PPT courseware "The Conflict of National Powers and the Development of the Southern Economy: The Coexistence of the Northern Song Dynasty and the Liaoxi Xia", please click the "The Conflict of the National Powers and the Development of the Southern Economy: The Coexistence of the Northern Song Dynasty and the Liaoxi Xia" ppt tag.

"The coexistence of the Northern Song Dynasty, Liao Dynasty and Xixia Dynasty" The competition between national political power and the development of the southern economy PPT courseware 3:

"The coexistence of the Northern Song Dynasty, the Liao Dynasty and the Xixia Dynasty" PPT courseware 3 on the competing national regimes and the development of the southern economy. Learning objectives: 1. Know that the Liao Dynasty, the Northern Song Dynasty and the Xixia Dynasty are three coexisting political regimes, and understand Yelu Abaoji, Zhao Kuangyin and Yuan Hao. The main achievements of this politician; 2.

"The Coexistence of the Northern Song Dynasty, Liao and Xixia" PPT courseware on the competition between national political power and the development of the southern economy:

"The coexistence of the Northern Song Dynasty, Liao Dynasty and Xixia" PPT courseware on the competition of national political power and the development of the southern economy 1. The establishment of the Northern Song Dynasty, Khitan and Xixia 1. The establishment of the Northern Song Dynasty How did Song Taizu strengthen the centralization of power? (1) Background: In the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, the king was weak and his ministers were strong, and they were constantly at war..

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Update Time: 2024-11-24

This template belongs to History courseware Zhonghua Book Company Edition Seventh Grade History Volume 2 industry PPT template

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