"Science and Technology in the Song and Yuan Dynasties" PPT courseware on the competition between national political power and the development of the southern economy

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"Science and Technology in the Song and Yuan Dynasties" PPT courseware on the competition between national political power and the development of the southern economy

learning target

Master the basic overview of the brilliant scientific and technological achievements of the Song and Yuan Dynasties, including the invention of movable type printing, the application and spread of the compass and gunpowder to the world, and the scientific and technological achievements and contributions of scientists Shen Kuo and Guo Shoujing.

Review the past and learn the new 1

What is Genghis Khan's most outstanding historical achievement?

Unified Mongolia.

In 1206, the Mongolian regime was established.

Since then, the long-term melee in the Mongolian grasslands has ended.

Review the past and learn the new 2

(1) Establishment of the Yuan Dynasty: In 1260, ________ became the Khan, in 1271 the country was named _____, and in the following year _____ was made the capital. Kublai Khan is ____.

(2) Unify the country: In 1276, the Yuan army occupied Lin'an and ____ was destroyed. In _____ year, the Yuan Dynasty unified the country.

(3) Struggle against the Yuan Dynasty: When the Yuan army went south, the number one prime minister of the Southern Song Dynasty, ______, led the army and the people to resist. After he was captured, he died heroically and wrote ____________________, which showed his noble integrity.

What measures did Emperor Shizu of the Yuan Dynasty take in agriculture, transportation, commerce, and foreign affairs?

agriculture

1. Mongolian nobles are prohibited from occupying farmland for pasture.

2. Establish a large agricultural department to take charge of agricultural affairs.

Transportation

Purpose: To facilitate the transportation of grain from south to north

Two new canals were excavated on the Huitong River and Tonghui River sections, opening up maritime transport

Business

Most of them are political centers and world-famous metropolises.

Foreign exchanges

The Travels of Marco Polo by Italian Marco Polo describes the prosperity of the metropolis

Read pages 67-68 of the text. After completing the invention of movable type printing, answer the next question.

(1) Background: ________ means cannot meet the needs of cultural development.

(2) Invention: In the middle of the 11th century, ______ invented movable type printing.

(3) Method: Use clay to engrave words, similar to a stamp, with one word per word, to make a ______ that can be used multiple times for typesetting and printing.

(4) Significance: It has had a profound impact on the dissemination, exchange and development of ______.

*Think about it: What are the advantages of movable type printing compared with woodblock printing? What impact has its invention had on the development of world civilization?

(1) Disadvantages of block printing: first, engraving blocks is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and material-intensive; second, it is inconvenient to store large quantities of books; third, typos are difficult to correct.

(2) The advantages of movable type printing: saving time, effort, materials, money, flexibility, convenience, and high efficiency. The Chinese are especially proud that our movable type printing was more than 400 years earlier than Europe, and has contributed to the world earliest.

(3) The impact of the invention of movable type printing: The invention of movable type printing made a significant contribution to the spread of knowledge and the promotion of world civilization. At the same time, it also saved materials, improved printing efficiency, and brought many benefits to society.

Read textbook pages 68--70 of the compass, the invention of gunpowder and the spread to the West

1. When was the earliest guide instrument invented in my country? When did the compass appear? When was it used in navigation? When was the compass introduced to Europe?

Si Nan Song Dynasty, Northern Song Dynasty, Southern Song Dynasty

2. How did the ancient Chinese invent gunpowder? When did gunpowder begin to be widely used in military affairs? When was it introduced to Europe?

Invented during the process of refining elixirs, Song and Yuan Dynasties, 14th century

3. What were the main gunpowder weapons during the Song and Yuan Dynasties?

Fireball Rocket Fire Gun Firebolt

2. New knowledge guidance and collaborative inquiry

Papermaking is conducive to the popularization and spread of culture;

Movable type printing greatly promoted the spread of culture

The compass created conditions for later European navigators’ sailing activities

Gunpowder not only changed their methods of warfare, but also played a certain role in the bourgeoisie's victory over feudalism.

① Bi �� of the Northern Song Dynasty invented movable type printing. ②In the Northern Song Dynasty, the compass began to be used in navigation. During the Southern Song Dynasty, the compass was introduced to Europe via the Arabs. ③In the Northern Song Dynasty, gunpowder was widely used in military affairs. By the Yuan Dynasty, gunpowder and gunpowder weapons were spread to Europe via the Arabs. Three of the four great inventions in ancient China were completed and further developed in the Song Dynasty. ④The "Mengxi Bi Tan" written by Shen Kuo of the Northern Song Dynasty recorded many scientific and technological achievements that were ahead of the world, such as the "Twelve Qi Calendar".

3. Class Summary Rebate Target

In the Western Han Dynasty, hemp was invented to make paper, and in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cai Lun made the innovation.

Printing in the Sui and Tang Dynasties was based on engraving, followed by the movable type system in the Northern Song Dynasty.

In ancient times, alchemy was used to make gunpowder, and it was used in warfare in the late Tang, Song and Yuan Dynasties.

Si Nan was created during the Warring States Period, and the compass was made in the Northern Song Dynasty.

The four great inventions spread around the world and pushed history forward.

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Update Time: 2024-06-29

This template belongs to History courseware Zhonghua Book Company Edition Seventh Grade History Volume 2 industry PPT template

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