"The Emergence of the Welfare State" The World During the Cold War PPT

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"The Emergence of the Welfare State" The World During the Cold War PPT

Part One: The Welfare State

The welfare state is a capitalist country that intervenes in social and economic life by establishing and funding social public undertakings, implementing and improving a set of social welfare policies and systems, in order to regulate and ease class contradictions, ensure the normal operation of social order and economic life, and maintain monopoly A method of capital's interests and domination.

background

1. The Great Crisis of the 1930s caused social unrest due to the country's economic instability, and eventually led to the outbreak of World War II. This consequences taught Western countries a painful lesson.

2. After the war, in order to avoid similar situations, countries have strengthened the role of the government in national economic life through nationalization and planning.

condition

The economic recovery and prosperity of developed Western countries after the war provided the material basis for the formation of the welfare state;

The prevalence of state intervention in the economy has accelerated the formation of the welfare state.

Developed countries have gradually established relatively complete social security systems on the basis of increased productivity, which are called "welfare states." These are various guarantees established by the state through legislation and other means in order to ensure the basic economic life of citizens. That is to say, when citizens suffer income losses due to retirement, unemployment, illness, disability, etc., the state is responsible for making up for these losses and providing medical and other services.

development path

1. In the early 17th century, Britain promulgated the Poor Law, which transformed decentralized and emergency relief services into a basic function of the state. In the mid-19th century, the Poor Law was revised and improved, which became the germination of British social insurance.

2. The modern social insurance system first appeared in Germany. During Bismarck's administration, the government established a national disease insurance and pension insurance system for workers.

3. The two world wars promoted the state's responsibility for social insurance, and more comprehensive social insurance and welfare systems were generally established after World War II.

The emergence of the welfare state PPT, Part 2: The formation of the welfare state after World War II

After the end of World War II, the British Labor Party Attlee government was the first to announce the establishment of a welfare state and implement "cradle to grave" social security. When the baby is born, the mother's medical expenses are borne by the state, and she can also receive certain subsidies. Citizens under the age of 16 receive weekly subsidies, and public schools implement free education. Employees can receive free treatment if they are sick, receive unemployment benefits, and receive pensions after retirement. Their families can also receive pensions after death.

In 1948, Britain was the first to announce the establishment of a welfare state.

From the 1950s to the 1970s, developed countries successively achieved the goal of establishing a welfare state.

Sweden’s national welfare system

Pension: It consists of two parts: universal pension and supplementary pension. The universal pension is approximately SEK 24,100 per person per year. The supplementary pension amount is assessed based on lifetime income and tax status.

Parental insurance and child care: The father of a newborn baby has the right not to go to work for 9 months, and the mother of the baby also receives full salary to look after the child at home. Until the child reaches 16 years old, parents can receive living allowances.

Medical insurance: All Swedish citizens enjoy publicly funded medical care, and an additional 50% to 90% subsidy is available for the amount exceeding the prescribed amount.

Unemployment subsidy: Unemployed people in Sweden can receive unemployment benefits, the amount is 75% of their original salary

Swedish law stipulates that the legal working hours per week is 40 hours, and every worker can receive at least five weeks of paid vacation per year...

In Sweden, everyone who is registered as unemployed receives unemployment benefits, the amount of which depends on the length of work. People who have been officially laid off for more than one year can receive unemployment benefits of 500 Swedish kronor per day after losing their jobs, and those who have been laid off for six months to one year can receive 240 kronor per day;…

The emergence of the welfare state PPT, part 3: sources of funding for social welfare

Features

Different from the earlier relief that was only provided to the poor and vulnerable groups, social welfare has become a right that every citizen should enjoy, showing the characteristics of universalization and universalization.

Classification

1. Social security: It consists of three parts: social insurance, social subsidies and social relief, such as pension insurance, unemployment insurance, family subsidies, etc.

2. Social services: They are public services carried out by the state, mainly including education, medical care, etc.

Influence

1. Benefits: It relieves ordinary people from worries, and provides them with opportunities to improve their skills and employment, giving people a sense of social security, thereby stabilizing society and creating a good environment for further economic development. and conditions.

2. Disadvantages: The excessive development of social welfare has caused the welfare state to suffer from "welfare disease" to varying degrees. For example, problems such as the expansion of the national fiscal deficit and the overburdening of enterprises have emerged, the enthusiasm of some people for work has declined, and the growth of national production and national income has been slow.

The emergence of the welfare state PPT, part 4: expansion and improvement

The concept of welfare state and its purpose

Concept: The welfare state refers to the state's use of social security policies and social welfare expenditures to ensure the minimum income of individuals and families, ensure their economic security, and ensure that all citizens can enjoy better social services.

Purpose:

① Direct purpose: narrow the gap between rich and poor and reduce social problems caused by poverty.

② Fundamental purpose: to maintain the rule of the bourgeoisie.

The Emergence of the Welfare State PPT, Part 5: Extracurricular Development

Top ten countries with high welfare in the world

France: Citizens are protected by more than 400 benefits from birth to death. The characteristic of French social welfare is that regardless of nationality, as long as you have legal residence status in France, you can enjoy it. National education is free from primary school to university. If the family income is below a certain standard, the child can receive a subsidy of 249.07 euros at the beginning of each semester. French medical insurance is free for everyone. Depending on personal income, citizens must pay up to one week's minimum wage per year. The unemployed are exempt from this fee.

United States: Education in the United States from primary school to high school is free. University education funds are mainly borne by the government, and students only bear a small part. College tuition is less than US$1,500 per year, which is about 1/30 of the average annual income of American workers. To ensure that poor children can attend college, the government provides various forms of financial aid to poor families. Medical benefits in the United States cover everyone, with huge medical expenditures of up to 2.2 trillion U.S. dollars every year, accounting for 16% of GDP and 20.8% of government expenditures. The basic medical principle is: regardless of whether you have money or not, see the doctor first and pay the bill later. If you are rich, the insurance company will pay for it. The individual will bear a small part of the premium and the government will bear the majority. If you are poor, the government will foot the bill. Even the food expenses for hospitalization will be paid by the government.

UK: Refugees also enjoy high benefits, with social welfare spending accounting for 25.9% of GDP. The UK has free medical care for all. Education before university level in the UK is free, and 90% of university students at the university level receive government subsidies. Therefore, for low-income families, education from kindergarten to university is free. UK social benefits cover everyone living in the UK.

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Update Time: 2024-10-02

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