"Dramatic changes in Eastern Europe and the disintegration of the Soviet Union" PPT courseware for the world during the Cold War

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"Dramatic changes in Eastern Europe and the disintegration of the Soviet Union" PPT courseware for the world during the Cold War

Part One: Gorbachev’s Reforms

①The living standards of the Soviet Russian people dropped from fifth in Europe in 1917 to 88th in the world in 1985. Civilian industrial products are very backward in technology and of poor quality.

② Under the highly centralized political system, the cadre appointment system and tenure system formed a bureaucratic elite group in the Soviet Union... with rigid ideas and corruption and bribery. The people's dissatisfaction with the Communist Party is growing day by day.

③Russia started by expansion, has many ethnic groups, and its development is extremely uneven. The Soviet Union implemented a high-pressure policy of assimilation towards ethnic minorities. The Stalinist period adopted policies of repression and forced relocation.

④ After World War II, out of the need to compete with the United States for hegemony, the country engaged in an arms race in an irrational manner, resulting in military expenditures reaching a quarter of national income and a heavy burden.

In the mid-to-late 1980s, the highly centralized political and economic system formed since the Stalin period had accumulated increasingly serious drawbacks and contradictions. Civilian industrial products were technologically backward and of poor quality. The Soviet Union experienced a crisis situation of social unrest, economic stagnation, and people's living standards continued to decline.

1. Content:

A. 1985-1988, economic reform, implementation of "accelerated development strategy" → one-sided development of heavy industry;

B． After 1988, political reforms

①Guiding ideology: humane and democratic socialism;

②Reform method: democratization, openness, and indulgence of liberal ideas;

③Change the status of the party: political diversification, implementation of multi-party system and presidential system;

④In August 1991, the "Treaty on the Union of Soviet Sovereign Republics" was announced;

C. external relations

"New thinking" diplomacy: ease relations with the West, proactively withdraw troops from Eastern Europe, and encourage change

2. Result:

The failure of economic reform led to economic recession; it deviated from the socialist path; the tendency of ethnic separatism intensified; and it fundamentally shook the leadership position of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in the country.

Dramatic changes in Eastern Europe and the disintegration of the Soviet Union PPT, part 2: Dramatic changes in Eastern Europe

background

Most of the Eastern European countries were liberated by the Soviet Union during World War II and were deeply influenced and controlled by the Soviet Union after the war.

The Stalin model is not in line with the national conditions of Eastern European countries and hinders independent development

Some Eastern European countries carried out reforms but failed to achieve significant results, and were accused of interference by the Soviet Union.

In the 1980s, foreign debt was heavily borrowed, fiscal deficits increased sharply, and the crisis intensified

Reasons for the drastic changes in Eastern Europe:

Historical reasons:

Being controlled by the Soviet Union for a long time, copying the Soviet model resulted in many mistakes and problems.

Internal reasons:

Economically (the old system has not been fundamentally reformed and has little effect)

Political aspects (a highly centralized political system leads to the expansion of bureaucracy)

External causes:

Soviet factors (promoting Gorbachev’s reforms)

Western factors (long-term promotion of "peaceful evolution" strategy)

Peaceful evolution is a "beyond containment strategy" adopted by Western capitalist countries towards socialist countries to promote the collapse of socialist countries. "Peaceful evolution" is a non-violent process of derivative change. When Western capitalist countries cannot eliminate socialist countries by using force to invade, they use technological exchanges, cultural exchanges and other methods to influence the psychology and behavior of people in socialist countries, thereby changing the way of life and state operations in socialist countries. become capitalist, thus quietly eliminating the socialist countries.

Dramatic changes in Eastern Europe and the disintegration of the Soviet Union PPT, part 3: The disintegration of the Soviet Union

①1991.8, "Treaty on the Union of Soviet Sovereign Republics"

②1991.8, "August 19th Incident"

③1991.12.8, the "Minsk Agreement" established the "Commonwealth of Independent States"

④1991.12.21, "Alma-Ata Declaration", the Soviet Union completely collapsed

⑤1991.12.25, Gorbachev announced his resignation as President of the Soviet Union

⑥1991.12.26, the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union ended

Reasons for the collapse of the Soviet Union:

1. The fundamental reason—the highly centralized political and economic system of the Soviet Union

2. Direct cause—Gorbachev’s reforms

3. External reasons – the West’s strategy of peaceful evolution and the influence of Western forces

4. Anti-Marxist ideological trends are rampant;

5. Social conflicts and ethnic conflicts have intensified sharply.

Dramatic changes in Eastern Europe and the disintegration of the Soviet Union PPT, part 4: historical lessons

Taking history as a mirror is the main purpose of history study. Please combine China’s achievements of more than 30 years of reform and opening up and current social problems, and talk about what experiences and lessons China should learn from the Soviet Union’s economic construction and reform?

① We must firmly follow the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics;

② We must adhere to economic construction as the center and adhere to reform and opening up;

③We must continuously improve socialist democracy and legal construction;

④ We must always pay attention to people's livelihood, achieve social fairness and justice, and continuously improve the people's happiness index;

⑤ Establish a sound and complete power supervision mechanism to prevent the emergence of corruption, dictatorship and privilege, so as to win the trust and support of the people;

⑥ Follow the path of peaceful development under the guidance of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence;

⑦Resist the "peaceful evolution" of Western countries

⑧Correctly coordinate and handle ethnic issues

What historical experiences and lessons should we learn from the analysis of the causes of the drastic changes in Eastern Europe and the collapse of the Soviet Union?

(1) Emancipate the mind, seek truth from facts, proceed from the country's national conditions, combine the universal principles of Marxism with the country's specific practices, and explore a path to building socialism suitable for the country's national conditions.

(2) Building socialism must center on economic construction, vigorously develop social productive forces, and continuously improve the people's material and cultural living standards.

(3) Socialist countries must continue to deepen reforms to liberate productive forces. At the same time, the party's leadership and socialist direction must be adhered to in the reform, and the guiding position of Marxism must be unwavering.

(4) We must pay attention to domestic ethnic issues and correctly handle ethnic relations. We must pursue an independent foreign policy of peace, refrain from hegemonism, and oppose power politics.

(5) We must strengthen the construction of socialist democracy and the legal system to ensure economic construction; we must do a good job in the self-construction of the ruling party and adhere to the party's mass line.

What historical lessons have the drastic changes in Eastern Europe and the disintegration of the Soviet Union left us?

① Emancipate the mind, seek truth from facts, keep pace with the times, proceed from the national conditions of the country, combine the universal principles of Marxism with the specific realities of the country, and explore a path of building socialism suitable for the country's national conditions;

② It is recommended that socialism must center on economic construction, vigorously develop social productive forces, strive to promote economic construction, and continuously improve people’s living standards and comprehensive national strength to adapt to the situation of globalization and international competition;

③Socialist countries must continue to deepen reforms to liberate productive forces. At the same time, we must adhere to the leadership and socialist direction of the Communist Party of China during the reform, and uphold the guiding position of Marxism unwaveringly;

④ We must pay attention to domestic ethnic issues, correctly handle ethnic relations, and oppose ethnic chauvinism.

⑤ We must pursue an independent foreign policy of peace, refrain from hegemonism, and oppose power politics.

⑥ We must strengthen the construction of socialist democracy and the legal system, do a good job in the self-construction of the ruling party, improve the party's ability to govern, maintain the party's advanced nature, persist in building the party for the public, govern for the people, resist corruption and prevent degeneration, and adhere to the party's mass line ;

⑦ We must adhere to Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of "Three Represents", adhere to the Scientific Outlook on Development, and strive to build a harmonious socialist society.

Keywords: free download of PPT courseware for history and society in the second volume of the ninth grade of the People's Education Press, PPT download of the drastic changes in Eastern Europe and the disintegration of the Soviet Union, PPT download of the world during the Cold War, .PPT format;

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Update Time: 2024-11-15

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