"The Independent Diplomacy of New China" PPT on the Construction and Reform of New China

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"The Independent Diplomacy of New China" PPT on the Construction and Reform of New China

Part One: Did you know?

Diplomacy refers to a country's activities in international relations, such as participating in international organizations and conferences, exchanging envoys with other countries, conducting negotiations, signing treaties and agreements, etc. Activities in which a country exercises sovereignty externally through peaceful means. Usually refers to the foreign exchange activities conducted by the head of state, head of government, foreign minister and diplomatic agencies on behalf of the country.

Looking back at history

Can you summarize the basic characteristics of modern Chinese diplomacy in a few words?

Let’s look at today

This government is the only government representing the people of the People's Republic of China. This government is willing to establish diplomatic relations with any foreign government that is willing to abide by the principles of equality, mutual benefit and mutual respect for territorial sovereignty.

Independent New China Diplomacy PPT, Part 2: Diplomacy in the Early Years of New China

What kind of situation did New China face in the early days of its founding?

What kind of foreign policy have we implemented in the face of this situation?

International situation: After the war, the two major camps faced off; imperialism isolated, blockaded, and surrounded New China.

Background: In the first half of 1949, Mao Zedong proposed the Three Principles of Diplomacy based on China’s history and reality as well as the international environment at that time.

content:

Start anew

Completely break with the humiliating diplomacy of "Old China" and establish new diplomatic relations;

Clean the house before treating guests

Abolish all unequal treaties, build a new country, and establish diplomatic relations with all countries in the world on a new basis;

One-sided

Stand firmly on the side of the socialist countries, unite all peace-loving countries, and oppose the aggressive policies of imperialism.

Impact: ended the humiliating diplomacy of old China for more than a hundred years and opened a new chapter in China's diplomacy

Independent New China Diplomacy PPT, Part Three: Cooperation Exploration

same

The encounters were the same: they were invaded by imperialism;

The problems faced are the same: how to develop the national economy, safeguard national independence, and promote world peace.

different

different social systems

Building roads differently

Zhou Enlai proposed: Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence:

Respect each other’s sovereignty and territorial integrity

non-aggression,

non-interference in each other’s internal affairs,

equality and mutual benefit,

Peaceful coexistence.

Independent New China Diplomacy PPT, Part 4: Diplomacy in the 1970s

1. Establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States

Revisiting: The History of Sino-U.S. Relations

In the 1950s, New China implemented policies of political isolation, economic blockade, military threats and diplomatic non-recognition.

In the 1960s, there was still a tense state of hostility.

In 1971, a U.S. delegation visited China, and the two sides began to contact each other, and relations took a turn for the better - Ping Pong Diplomacy.

In 1972, President Nixon visited China, Sino-US relations improved, and the "Joint Communique" was issued in Shanghai.

In 1979, China and the United States formally established diplomatic relations

(2) Process:

At the 1954 Geneva Conference, U.S. Secretary of State Dulles demanded that members of the U.S. delegation were prohibited from shaking hands with Zhou Enlai.

In 1972, when U.S. President Richard Nixon visited China, he took the initiative to extend his hand to shake hands with Zhou Enlai.

From refusing to shake hands to actively shaking hands, how does it explain the changes in the United States' China policy?

From confrontation to dialogue and contact.

Do you think the transition from refusing to shake hands to offering one is just a matter of politeness?

The handshake between Nixon and Zhou Enlai illustrates the improvement of China's international status. Premier Zhou Enlai's diplomatic ability has won the respect of his opponents. At the same time, the international situation has changed, and the opposition between the two major systems has gradually been replaced by the struggle between the United States and the Soviet Union for hegemony. That is why China and the United States have emerged. This unforgettable shot in relationship history.

(3) Meaning:

①The confrontation between China and the United States has since ended, and relations between the two countries have gradually normalized.

②The improvement of Sino-US relations has promoted the relaxation of Sino-Japanese relations. In 1972, China and Japan established diplomatic relations and normalized diplomatic relations.

③After the improvement of Sino-US relations, many countries that followed the United States in isolating China have established diplomatic relations with China.

2. Establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Japan

Background: The improvement of Sino-US relations has promoted the relaxation of Sino-Japanese relations.

In 1972, China and Japan established diplomatic relations and normalized diplomatic relations.

3. China returns to the United Nations

In October 1971, the 26th United Nations General Assembly passed a resolution to restore all legal rights of the People's Republic of China in the United Nations and immediately expel the "representatives" of the Taiwan National Authority from the United Nations and all its affiliated agencies. The five-star red flag has been flying over the United Nations Headquarters since then.

Independent New China Diplomacy PPT, Part 5: Independent Foreign Policy of Peace

Our country’s foreign policy: an independent foreign policy of peace

Adjust foreign policy:

Time: mid-1980s, Deng Xiaoping

reason:

1. Changes in the international situation and the country’s national interests

2. To realize the four modernizations and carry out reform and opening up, we need a stable and united political situation domestically and a peaceful environment internationally.

Content: Insisting on independence, not forming alliances or establishing strategic relations with any major power, nor supporting one of them against the other.

Impact: The independent foreign policy of peace has opened up a new situation in China's diplomacy, accelerated China's integration into the international community, and brought about historic changes in China's relationship with the world.

Independent New China Diplomacy PPT, Part Six: Questions and Answers

Compared with the diplomacy of the "one-sided" period, what do you think are the changes in the independent foreign policy of peace?

During the "one-sided" period, our country firmly stood on the side of the socialist countries. The independent foreign policy of peace insists on independence and does not form an alliance with any major power, nor does it support one of them against the other. For all international affairs, we should proceed from the fundamental interests of the Chinese people and independently decide our own attitudes and policies based on the merits of the matter itself. This change reflects the maturity of China's foreign policy. The shift from siding with the socialist countries headed by the Soviet Union to not forming an alliance with any major power opened up a new situation in China's diplomacy, which was conducive to China's all-round diplomacy and accelerated China's integration into the international community.

Independent New China Diplomacy PPT, Part Seven: Integration and Improvement

Reasons for Diplomatic Achievements

① Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, especially since the reform and opening up, China's economy has developed, its comprehensive national strength has continued to increase, and its international status has improved. (root cause)

② Our country adheres to the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence and adheres to an independent foreign policy of peace.

Independent New China Diplomacy PPT, Part 8: Class Summary

Diplomacy in the Early Years of New China

Diplomatic policy:

"Start anew"

“Clean the house before treating guests”

"One-sided"

In 1955, the policy of “seeking common ground while reserving differences” was put forward;

The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence have far-reaching influence

1970s

In October 1971, China resumed its legal seat in the United Nations

In February 1972, U.S. President Richard Nixon visited China, and Sino-U.S. relations began to normalize.

In 1972, China and Japan established diplomatic relations and normalized diplomatic relations.

In 1979, China and the United States formally established diplomatic relations and normalized relations between the two countries.

After the 1970s

Peace and development have become the themes of the times

China adheres to an independent foreign policy of peace

It opened up a new situation in China's diplomacy and brought about historic changes in the relationship between China and the world.

Major diplomatic achievements: New China became an independent and sovereign country; its participation in the Bandung Conference made New China’s Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence not only lay the foundation for New China’s diplomacy, but also became a recognized method for handling state-to-state relations by many countries in the world. Basic principles; broke through the obstruction and blockade of imperialism and won widespread support from third world countries.

The second stage: (1970s) improving Sino-US relations. Major achievements: China-US and China-Japan established diplomatic relations; China returned to the United Nations.

The third stage: (from the late 1970s to the present, that is, since the reform and opening up) foreign policy has gradually matured. Main achievements: Sino-Soviet relations returned to normal track; diplomatic activities entered the most proactive, beneficial and active period.

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Update Time: 2024-06-11

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