"Wuchang Uprising and the Creation of the Republic of China" The World and China in the Early 20th Century PPT Courseware

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"Wuchang Uprising and the Creation of the Republic of China" The World and China in the Early 20th Century PPT Courseware

Part One: Wuchang Uprising

The Fuse: Sichuan Road Protection Movement

Process: On the night of October 10, 1911, revolutionaries Jin Zhaolong and Xiong Bingkun of the Wuchang New Army Engineering Battalion first revolted, and the New Army barracks responded one after another, and then occupied the Chuwangtai Armory; after a night of bloody fighting, the rebels occupied Wuchang City , achieved victory in the uprising.

Impact: Provinces responded one after another, more than a dozen provinces declared independence, and Qing rule collapsed.

Wuchang Uprising

A mutiny aimed at overthrowing the rule of the Qing Dynasty took place in Wuchang, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China on October 10, 1911. It was the beginning of the Revolution of 1911. The revolutionaries launched an armed uprising centered in Wuhan. Through the efforts of the revolutionaries, the uprising was finally won and the Qing Dynasty was gradually destroyed. Just over a month after the Wuchang Uprising, more than a dozen provinces across the country declared independence from the Qing government. Qing rule quickly collapsed.

Combined with the map, summarize the favorable conditions for the Wuchang Uprising.

From the geographical point of view: Wuchang, Hankou and Hanyang are located in the central region of China, where the Yangtze River and its largest tributary, the Han River, meet. Water and land transportation are very developed. It has been known as the "thorough of nine provinces" since ancient times and is the transportation hub of China's east-west, north-south. Once the revolution is successful, it can take advantage of its geographical central position to exert a strong radiation effect and affect the whole country.

From the perspective of economic development: According to the "Tianjin Treaty", Hankou was opened for trade in 1862 and gradually became the largest port for mainland export trade. After Zhang Zhidong became the governor of Huguang, he established a large number of modern industrial enterprises, such as Hanyang Iron Works, which was the first modern steel enterprise in China and the largest in Asia. Economic development not only provides reliable material support for the revolutionary army, but also causes changes in social ideological trends and other aspects.

From the perspective of the revolutionary foundation: Hubei's revolutionary groups Literary Society and Common Progress Association have been doing propaganda, mobilization and organizational work in the New Army for a long time. The members of the Hubei New Army's revolutionary groups account for 1/3 of the total number. The revolutionary forces are relatively concentrated and relatively powerful. This favorable situation was not available in other places at that time. The plundering of the foreign powers and the oppression of the Qing government made the people's resistance and anger continue to rise, laying the mass foundation for the revolution.

PPT on the Wuchang Uprising and the Creation of the Republic of China, Part Two: National Response

Provinces respond

The constitutionalists and the old bureaucracy jointly seized power, as in Hubei

Qing Dynasty officials transformed into revolutionary governors, such as Jiangsu

The constitutionalists and old bureaucracies seized power directly from the revolutionaries, such as Hunan

After the Wuchang Uprising, various provinces responded one after another, more than a dozen provinces declared independence, and the Qing rule collapsed.

Wuchang Uprising and the Creation of the Republic of China PPT, Part Three: The Establishment of the Republic of China

(1) Overview

① Time: January 1, 1912 (1912 is the first year of the Republic of China)

②Leader: Sun Yat-sen (Interim President)

③National flag: five-color flag

④Capital: Nanjing (Nanjing Provisional Government of the Republic of China)

(2), "Provisional Laws of the Republic of China"

①Content: Political system with separation of powers

②Nature: The nature of the constitution of a bourgeois republic

The first bourgeois democratic constitution

PPT on the Wuchang Uprising and the Creation of the Republic of China, Part 4: Yuan Shikai usurping the fruits of the revolution

1. Background:

(1) Yuan Shikai’s personal power tactics and conspiracy

(2) The bourgeoisie is weak in compromise

2. Result:

In February 1912, the Qing emperor abdicated

In March 1912, Yuan Shikai took office as the provisional president in Beijing, and the rule of the Beiyang warlords began. Yuan Shikai stole the achievements of the Revolution of 1911.

PPT on the Wuchang Uprising and the Creation of the Republic of China, Part 5: Nature and Impact

5. Nature

The Revolution of 1911 was a bourgeois democratic revolutionary movement.

6. Influence

The Revolution of 1911 was the first historic change in China that had just entered the 20th century. This revolution not only overthrew the rule of the Qing Dynasty, but also ended the autocratic monarchy that had ruled China for more than two thousand years and established Asia's first republic. The Revolution of 1911 greatly promoted the ideological emancipation of the Chinese nation, opened the floodgates for China's progress, and explored a path for the progress of the Chinese nation.

PPT on the Wuchang Uprising and the Creation of the Republic of China, Part Six: Class Discussion

Discussion: Some people say that the Revolution of 1911 failed, while others say that the Revolution of 1911 was victorious. What do you think?

Some people say that after the Revolution of 1911, people cut off their braids one after another, indicating that people's minds were liberated and the revolution was successful.

Some people say that cutting braids is just a superficial phenomenon. After the Revolution of 1911, the nature of China's society has not changed. The politics are fragmented and warlords are fighting each other. Therefore, it is a failure.

Inspiration:

In China, a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, the bourgeoisie cannot lead the Chinese democratic revolution to victory.

China's advanced elements realized that they must find a new way to save the country and the people.

PPT on the Wuchang Uprising and the Creation of the Republic of China, Part Seven: "Provisional Laws of the Republic of China"

Chapter 1, "General Program", stipulates: "The sovereignty of the Republic of China belongs to all its citizens";

Chapter 2 "People" stipulates: "All people in the Republic of China are equal without distinction of race, class, or religion"; "People have the freedom to maintain property and do business"; people have the right to enjoy personal, residence, property, speech, publication, Freedom of assembly, association, communication, belief, etc.

Chapter 3 "Senate" stipulates: "The legislative power of the Republic of China is exercised by the Senate";

Chapter 4, "Interim President and Vice President", stipulates: "The interim president represents the interim government, takes charge of government affairs, and promulgates laws";

Chapter 5, “State Ministers,” stipulates: “State ministers assist the interim president and assume their responsibilities”; “State ministers must countersign when the interim president proposes legal bills, promulgates laws, and issues orders.”;

Chapter 6, "Courts," stipulates: "Judges conduct trials independently and are not subject to interference by superior authorities."

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Update Time: 2024-09-29

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