"Turkish Kemal Revolution" opens up a new development path PPT

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"Turkish Kemal Revolution" opens up a new development path PPT

Part One: The Rise and Expansion of Türkiye

①Establishment: At the end of the 13th century, Osman, the leader of a Turkic tribe, established a country in Asia Minor. The name of the country was Ottoman Turkey.

②Characteristics of the regime: military feudal empire

③State religion: Islam

④Capital: Istanbul, the capital of the Byzantine Empire, Constantinople (captured in 1453)

⑤Influence: In the 16th century, it became a large empire spanning three continents and reached its peak.

⑥ Starting from the end of the 17th century, the empire declined rapidly, and the empire gradually disintegrated in the 17th and 18th centuries.

⑦ In the 19th century, European countries that were originally part of the empire, such as Greece, Romania, Serbia and Bulgaria, became independent or autonomous one after another, and some areas were occupied by Russia, Austria and Britain.

⑧In 1914, Türkiye participated in World War I and was on the verge of destruction due to its defeat.

Turkish Kemal Revolution PPT, Part 2: Kemal leads the National War of Independence

background:

⑴ Rulers are blindly arrogant and despise industry and trade

⑵ The social economy lags far behind the great powers and becomes a semi-colony

⑶ Defeated in the First World War and became the target of partition among the victorious countries.

go through:

① Kemal led the Turkish people to establish a new government, and convened a parliament in early 1920 to pass the National Convention known as the "Turkish Declaration of Independence", reiterating that the Turkish territory was an indivisible whole and demanding the abolition of privilege treaties.

② Kemal led the Turkish people to defeat the invading foreign armies, regained large tracts of land, and won national independence and freedom.

result:

①In the summer of 1923, the Allied Powers signed a treaty with Turkey, recognizing Turkey’s territorial integrity and national sovereignty.

②On October 29, 1923, the Parliament passed the decision to establish the Republic of Turkey, and Turkey entered a new period of historical development.

Türkiye's Kemalist Revolution PPT, Part Three: Kemalist Reforms

Reasons for reform:

To make Türkiye truly prosperous and strong, it must learn from the West and carry out thorough reforms

Choose a path: take the path of modernization with a Western (capitalist) flavor

economic aspect:

It broke the traditional concept of despising industry and trade, promulgated a series of laws and regulations to develop industry and commerce, used the power of the state to develop the national economy, and actively encouraged the development of the private economy.

Legal aspect: Türkiye was once a theocratic Islamic country.

The Republic affirmed the complete separation of church and state, promulgated a constitution, and established a series of laws modeled on European law.

Writing reform: The Arabic letters originally used in Turkey did not adapt to the characteristics of Turkish pronunciation, which brought great difficulties to people's learning and writing.

Content: Pass a legislative bill announcing the replacement of Arabic letters with new Latin letters.

Significance: It improves the literacy rate of Turks; makes it easier for people to learn and master their own language; and creates conditions for preserving and inheriting national culture.

In terms of social life: Promote the spirit of scientific modernization, promulgate laws on clothing reform, requiring people to wear suits; adopt the AD calendar; advocate women to receive education, etc.

Impact: Turkey has undergone earth-shaking changes, made great achievements in all aspects, and became one of the countries with the fastest industrial growth in the world in the 1930s; making Turkey a respectable modern civilized country.

Nature: a bourgeois reform movement

Turkish Kemalist Revolution PPT, Part 4:

The national liberation movement runs through the entire modern history of the world and refers to the historical process of the colonial and semi-colonial people's struggle for national independence and national liberation. Among the following figures, those who have made important contributions to the national liberation movement or national independence include ()

①Washington ②Robespierre ③Kemal ④Ms. Zhang Xi ⑤Nasser.

A. ①②③⑤B. ①②③④

C. ②③④⑤D. ①③④⑤

Under the impact of industrialization, Emperor Meiji of Japan, Muhammad Ali of Egypt, and Kemal of Turkey all carried out drastic reforms. The similarities between their reforms are ()

A. Create a new type of army and begin external expansion

B. Abolition of theocratic system

C. Develop modern industry under the promotion of the government

D. Begin text reform

Some scholars said: "Some countries or regions have governments sponsoring industrial development so that they can withstand economic and military pressure from Western Europe and the United States." Cases of “government-sponsored industrialization” include ()

① Japan’s colonial industry ② Egypt’s Ali reform

③Kemalist nationalism ④Indian Gandhism.

A. ①②③ B. ①②④

C. ①③④ D. ②③④

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Update Time: 2024-09-22

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