"India's Awakening" opens up a new development path PPT courseware

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"India's Awakening" opens up a new development path PPT courseware

Part One: British Colonial Rule in India

In the mid-19th century, India was completely reduced to a British colony. It was one of the most important British overseas colonies and was known as the most dazzling jewel in the British crown.

The British vigorously promoted Western culture, scientific and technological inventions, and built railways in India, which promoted the spread of industrial civilization in India.

India's Awakening PPT, Part 2: The Establishment of the Indian National Congress

Background: Facing the impact of industrial civilization and British colonial rule, Indian society began to awaken, and people demanded more political, social and economic rights.

Establishment and function:

In 1885, the Indian National Congress Party (referred to as the Congress Party) was established, and India's national liberation movement had a unified national organization.

India's Awakening PPT, Part 3: Gandhi's Non-Violent Non-cooperation

background:

After the end of World War I, Britain broke its promise that India would become an autonomous domain within the British Empire after the war. Instead, it enacted new security laws and strengthened its suppression of national movements.

The Beginnings of the Nonviolent Movement:

During his stay in South Africa, Gandhi witnessed firsthand the discrimination suffered by Indian expatriates. National pride drove him to give up his career as a lawyer and his stable income, adopt non-violent methods, and lead Indian expatriates in many effective anti-racial discrimination struggles.

Nonviolent Movement in India:

In 1919, after the new Security Law was passed, Gandhi, who had been cooperative with the colonial rulers, called on people to go on strike, hold prayers and hunger strikes to oppose the law, which unexpectedly triggered a bloody tragedy.

Influence:

Through many practical activities, nationalists such as Gandhi realized that simply resisting the British would not work. Therefore, Gandhi proposed the term "non-cooperation" as a supplement and improvement to the non-violent resistance movement. The non-cooperation strategy was supported by the Congress Party, and Gandhi was authorized to lead the Congress Party with full authority and became the leader of the Indian national movement.

The non-violent non-cooperation movement led by Gandhi:

From the 1920s to the 1940s, Gandhi led three non-violent non-cooperation movements.

Significance: The non-violent non-cooperation movement dealt a heavy blow to the British colonial authorities and laid a solid foundation for India's independence.

The relationship between nonviolence and noncooperation

complementary relationship

On the one hand, non-cooperation was used to mobilize the masses to oppose British colonial rule and force the colonial authorities to make concessions that were beneficial to the Indian national bourgeoisie;

On the other hand, non-violence is used to restrict mass movements, prevent social reforms from turning into revolution, and control mass movements within the scope allowed by bourgeois interests.

India's Awakening PPT, Part 4: How to evaluate the non-violent non-cooperation movement?

Progressiveness:

① Created and promoted Gandhian thought and guided the national liberation movement; he led many non-violent and non-cooperation movements throughout his life to combat British colonial rule and enhance the national self-confidence and self-esteem of the Indian people.

②In the early days after World War II, Britain was forced to agree to India’s independence

Limitations: Negative impact on the national liberation movement

① The use of non-violent means has tied the hands and feet of the people, reflecting the wavering and compromising nature of the Indian national bourgeoisie in the anti-imperialist struggle.

②Gandhi always had illusions about the British government.

③ Advocating traditional Indian civilization and opposing industrial civilization is a historical retrogression.

From the earliest non-cooperation movement to the movement calling for Britain to "quit India", what were the substantive changes? What can this change mean?

From formal non-cooperation, to the disobedience and non-cooperation movement in pursuit of national independence represented by the "Salt March", and finally to the movement to destroy British colonial rule and fight for Indian independence, from the changes, we can feel that India The people's calls for national liberation and independence are rising day by day, and British colonial rule is in danger due to the resistance of the Indian people.

India's Awakening PPT, Part 5: Class Discussion

Discuss what are the similarities between India's non-violent non-cooperation movement and Turkey's Kemalist Revolution?

The same points: influenced by the October Revolution; the result of further intensification of national contradictions after World War I; the leadership of bourgeois parties or organizations; the people's role as the main force in the struggle; all dealt a heavy blow to colonial rule.

Discuss what are the differences between India’s non-violent non-cooperation movement and Turkey’s Kemalist Revolution?

Differences: ① Method of struggle: India is non-violent and non-cooperation; Türkiye is violent revolution. ② Object and focus of struggle: India opposes the British colonial authorities and strives for national independence. Türkiye opposed the Sultan's rule and the partition by the Entente.

Analyze based on historical facts and see what significance the change in ideology from "non-violence" to "non-violence and non-cooperation" has in promoting the Indian national liberation movement.

The transition from non-violence to non-violence reflects the deepening of the ideological understanding of Indian nationalists represented by Gandhi to resist British colonial rule. This transformation promoted the Indian national liberation movement from a mere form of resistance to the pursuit of national independence, and played a key role in the handover of power by Britain after World War II.

India’s Awakening PPT, Part Six: Classroom Exercises

Recently, the Indian movie "Dangal!" Dad" is a hit on the screen. In the film, the director affirms the talents of women and calls for equality between men and women. As early as 160 years ago, India’s heroine Queen Zhangxi “did not give in to men” and participated in the leadership of ()

A. Latin American Independence Movement

B. Indian National Revolt

C. North American Revolutionary War

D. Taiping Rebellion

The colonial leader Clive once shamelessly boasted: "The rich city is at my feet, the powerful country is in my hands, and a treasure house full of gold bars, silver ingots, pearls and gems has been opened in front of me. I withdrew a total of 200,000 pounds. Everyone Sir, until now, I still wonder why I am so polite!" This passage vividly reflects ( )

A. The evil of triangular trade B. British colonial plunder of India

C. Spain’s Dark Rule in Latin America

D. French colonial expansion in Africa

In 1920, Gandhi called on the people to launch the first non-violent non-cooperation movement. The following are the specific methods adopted in this movement: ( )

① "Salt March" ② Boycott of British products

③Relinquish official titles, titles and honors awarded by the British

④Boycott schools run by British ⑤Refuse to work in British institutions

A. ①②③④B. ①③④⑤

C. ①②③④⑤D. ②③④⑤

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Update Time: 2024-09-28

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