"New Culture Movement" opens up a new development path PPT courseware

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"New Culture Movement" opens up a new development path PPT courseware

Part One: Historical Background of the Rise of the New Culture Movement

After the Revolution of 1911, the spiritual outlook of most Chinese people has not fundamentally changed, and the idea of ​​​​monarchy is still deeply rooted. The Beiyang warlords headed by Yuan Shikai set off a countercurrent to the restoration of respect for Confucius. Advanced intellectuals realized that to fundamentally transform China, an ideological revolution was needed

Politics: Yuan Shikai attempted to restore the monarchy; the great powers supported Yuan Shikai's proclaimed emperor and stepped up their invasion of China.

Economy: Further development of national capitalism (fundamental causes)

Thoughts: Western enlightenment ideas are further introduced into China, and democracy and republic are deeply rooted in the hearts of the people.

Yuan set off the countercurrent of retro respecting Confucius

A group of radical democrats realized that not only political revolution must be carried out, but also ideological revolution must be carried out

New Culture Movement PPT, Part 2: Overview of the rise of the New Culture Movement

Sign of rise: Chen Duxiu founded "New Youth" in Shanghai in 1915

The purpose of the New Culture Movement: to criticize traditional Chinese feudal ideas, morals and culture with Western bourgeois ideas and culture such as equality, freedom, democracy and science.

In 1916, the editorial department of "New Youth" magazine moved to Beijing, and Li Dazhao, Hu Shi, Lu Xun and others became the main contributors. After Cai Yuanpei became president of Peking University, he invited many scholars with new ideas to teach at the school. In this way, "New Youth" and Peking University became the main positions of the New Culture Movement.

Guiding ideology: Western democratic and scientific ideas

Activity base: Peking University

Main position: "New Youth"

New Culture Movement PPT, Part 3: Contents of the New Culture Movement

Early content (1915-1919):

A. Promote democracy and science and oppose authoritarianism and ignorance (core content)

①Criticize feudal orthodoxy—Confucianism and overthrow Confucius’ shop

② Believes that science and democracy are equally important, and science must be used to enlighten people’s wisdom

B: Promote new literature and oppose old literature (literary revolution)

C: Promote new morality and oppose old morality (ideological revolution)

New Culture Movement PPT, Part 4: The Nature and Significance of the New Culture Movement

Nature: It is an ideological liberation movement (early stage) of bourgeois ideology and culture against feudal ideology and culture, and a continuation of the Revolution of 1911 in the ideological and cultural field.

Status: It is an unprecedented ideological emancipation movement in the history of our country.

Positive impact (historical significance):

This movement in the ideological and cultural field has made the voice of ideological enlightenment resound in China, which is amidst warlord wars.

The promulgation of slogans such as democratic science, women's liberation, freedom of marriage, and family revolution have greatly liberated people's minds, especially those of young students, and thus have a more extensive and profound impact on the entire society.

It mobilized ideas for the May 4th Movement and created conditions for the spread of Marxism in China.

Negativity (early stage)

It was not integrated with mass movements and was limited to intellectuals and ideological and cultural fields.

There is an absolute positive or negative bias towards the views of Eastern and Western cultures.

Similarities and Differences between Hundred Schools of Thought and the New Culture Movement

Same point:

Background: generated in the context of social changes (hundred: the transition period from slave society to feudal society; new: the transition period from feudal society to modern society)

Reason: the result of cultural collision (hundred: the collision of regional cultures in China; new: the collision of Chinese and Western cultures

Participants and leaders: all intellectuals)

Result: They liberated people's minds and promoted historical progress.

difference:

Nature: (100: A great ideological reform movement that arose at the end of the slave society, representing the interests of the real estate class; New: a movement that promoted Western ideas that arose during the semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, opposed to feudal ideas, and represented the interests of the national bourgeoisie)

Attitude towards traditional Chinese culture: (100: comes from Chinese culture itself, and inherits and develops it; New: completely negates China's traditional feudal autocratic culture, and has a tendency of "total Westernization")

Hundred: Creating culture, Confucianism, Legalism;

New: Spread culture and spread Western democracy and scientific ideas

New Culture Movement PPT, Part 5: After-class exercises

The rise of the New Culture Movement is marked by ( )

A. In 1915, "New Youth" was first published in Shanghai

B. In 1915, "Youth Magazine" was founded in Shanghai

C. In 1917, "New Youth" moved to Beijing

D. In 1917, "Youth Magazine" moved to Beijing

The core content of the New Culture Movement is ( )

A. Democracy and the rule of law

B. Democracy and science

C. Science and technology

D. Science and progress

The New Culture Movement was an ideological emancipation movement, and the old ideas it targeted were ( )

A. reform ideas

B． bourgeois revolutionary thought

C. feudalism thought

D. imperialist thought

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Update Time: 2024-12-03

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