"Enlightenment" The dawn of world industrial civilization and the beginning of modern society PPT

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"Enlightenment" The dawn of world industrial civilization and the beginning of modern society PPT

Part One: The Meaning of the Enlightenment

In the 18th century, some thinkers appeared in France, such as Voltaire, Montesquieu, Rousseau, etc. They held high the banner of reason, called on people to use their own reason to think, criticized the feudal autocracy and the Catholic Church, and promoted freedom and equality. This massive ideological emancipation movement was historically called the Enlightenment Movement.

The original meaning of enlightenment is to bring light to dark places, and by extension it means to enlighten people with wisdom and liberate people from superstition and prejudice. Europe in the 18th century is called the age of the Enlightenment, and France was the center of the Enlightenment. Enlightenment thinkers were not content with respecting human nature, but used reason as a weapon to fiercely attack the Catholic Church and feudal autocratic rule, oppose autocracy and ignorance, advocate science, freedom, equality, and pursue personal liberation. Enlightenment thinkers claimed that everything must be tested by reason.

The so-called "rationality" refers to the ability of people to think for themselves and use their own intelligence to know, judge and understand things;

Enlightenment Movement PPT, Part 2: Knowledge Analysis

1. Background of the Enlightenment

Connect previous knowledge with the following materials to talk about why the Enlightenment Movement occurred.

The development of science not only deepens people's understanding of the natural world, but also promotes people's thinking about society. In the 18th century, advanced European thinkers believed that just as the natural world follows certain laws, human society is also governed by certain laws. Since humans can rely on their own rationality to discover the laws of nature, they must also be able to understand the laws of nature with the power of this rationality. the laws of social development.

Ideological and cultural factors:

Ideological liberation since the Renaissance

The development of natural science provides ideological weapons

Economic factors: further development of capitalist economy

Political Factors:

Decaying feudal autocratic rule and church oppression.

The power of the bourgeoisie grows

International factors:

The impact of the British bourgeois revolution.

2. Development of the Enlightenment Movement

Rise--Britain (17th century)

Hobbes and Locke were the earliest British Enlightenment thinkers. He was the first to put forward the idea of ​​"social contract" and the theory of "decentralization"...

Climax - France (18th century)

Representative figures: Voltaire, Montesquieu, Rousseau, etc.

Extension: other European countries (Germany, etc.)

Reasons why the Enlightenment reached its peak in France

1. France is the most stubborn bastion of feudal rule among European countries.

2. With the development of France's capitalist economy, the power of the emerging bourgeoisie has become increasingly stronger, forming a group of representatives of the emerging class who have both economic strength and cultural education.

3. The stubbornness and madness of the clerical forces forced the emerging class of thinkers to put aside their religious cloak and turn to open rational propaganda.

4. The rise of modern science and the success of the British bourgeois revolution provided scientific basis and practical experience for the rise of the Enlightenment, thus making the French Enlightenment the center of Europe.

3. Enlightenment thinkers and perspectives

[Feel the thoughts of the Enlightenment Master--Voltaire]

Voltaire (1694-1778), a French Enlightenment thinker in the 18th century, was a well-educated thinker. Throughout his life, he opposed the decadent darkness of the feudal autocracy and the Catholic Church, and promoted bourgeois democratic ideas. Twice in the Bastille and three years in exile. He is recognized as the leader of the French Enlightenment.

What thoughts did Voltaire express in this famous quote?

We advocate freedom and equality, especially freedom of thought and speech, and oppose persecution for differences of opinion.

4. The significance and influence of the Enlightenment Movement

The Enlightenment shook the feudal autocracy and the spiritual rule of the Catholic Church, laying the ideological and public opinion foundation for the coming bourgeois revolution in Europe and America.

From the 14th century to the end of the 18th century, Europe experienced profound changes in thought, culture and science. People seemed to break through the prison of thought and gain spiritual liberation. People are no longer insignificant, the universe is no longer mysterious, and the ideas of freedom and equality are further spread.

Nature: The second anti-feudal ideological liberation movement of the bourgeoisie

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"Enlightenment" The dawn of world industrial civilization and the beginning of modern society PPT courseware:

"Enlightenment" The Dawn of World Industrial Civilization and the Beginning of Modern Society PPT Courseware Part One Content: The Historical Background of the Enlightenment (17th to 18th centuries) Economic conditions: The further development of the capitalist economy Political factors: The growth of the bourgeoisie and feudal power. .

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Update Time: 2024-10-04

This template belongs to History courseware People's Education Press History and Society for Grade 8 industry PPT template

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